COREA THE HERMIT NATION I.—ANCIENT AND MEDIÆVAL HISTORY II.—POLITICAL AND SOCIAL COREA III.—MODERN AND RECENT HISTORY BY WILLIAM ELLIOT GRIFFIS FORMERLY OF THE IMPERIAL UNIVERSITY OF TOKIO, JAPAN AUTHOR OF “THE MIKADO’S EMPIRE” NINTH EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS 1911 TO ALL COREAN PATRIOTS: WHO SEEK BY THE AID OF SCIENCE, TRUTH, AND PURE RELIGION, TO ENLIGHTEN THEMSELVES AND THEIR FELLOW-COUNTRYMEN, TO RID THEIR LAND OF SUPERSTITION, BIGOTRY, DESPOTISM, AND PRIESTCRAFT—BOTH NATIVE AND FOREIGN— AND TO PRESERVE THE INTEGRITY, INDEPENDENCE, AND HONOR, OF THEIR COUNTRY; THIS UNWORTHY SKETCH OF THEIR PAST HISTORY AND PRESENT CONDITION IS DEDICATED. PREFACE TO THE NINTH EDITION. The year 1910 saw the Land of the Plum Blossom and the Islands of the Cherry Blooms united. In this ninth edition of a work which for nearly thirty years has been a useful hand-book of information—having, by their own unsought confession, inspired not a few men and women to become devoted friends and teachers of the Corean people—I have made some corrections and added a final chapter, “Chō-sen: A Province of Japan.” Besides outlining in brief the striking events from 1907 to 1911, I have analyzed the causes of the extinction of Corean sovereignty, aiming in this to be a disinterested interpreter rather than a mere annalist. Although the sovereignty of Corea, first recognized and made known to the world by the Japanese in their treaty of 1876, has been, through the logic of events, destroyed, I doubt not that the hopes of twelve millions of people will be increasingly fulfilled under the new arrangement. Not in haste, but only after long compulsion, did the statesmen of Japan assume a responsibility that may test to the full their abilities and those of their successors. The severe criticisms, in Japan itself, of the policy of the Tokio government bear witness to the sensitiveness of the national conscience in regard to the treatment of their colonies. In this respect, as in so many other points of public ethics, the Japanese are ranging themselves abreast with the leading nations that are making a world-conscience.