What may be regarded as a second recension of the Roman rite is the Order of the Coronation of an Emperor given in Hittorp’s Ordo Romanus[48]. This is of the tenth or eleventh century. It differs considerably from the last recension, and is more fixed and definite in character, but is still definitely Roman. First the Emperor takes the oath as follows: _In nomine Christi promitto, spondeo, atque polliceor ego N. imperator coram Deo et beato Petro apostolo, me protectorem ac defensorem esse huius ecclesiae sanctae Romanae in omnibus utilitatibus in quantum divino fultus fuero adiutorio, secundum scire meum ac posse._ As he enters St Peter’s the Cardinal Bishop of Albano meets him at the silver door, and recites the prayer, _Deus in cuius manu corda sunt regum_, a new form. Inside the church the Cardinal Bishop of Porto says the prayer _Deus inenarrabilis auctor mundi_, another new form, and after the Litany has been said, before the Confessio of St Peter, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia anoints the Emperor on the right arm and between the shoulders with the oil of catechumens, using the form _Domine Deus Omnipotens cuius est omnis potestas_—again another new form, which however is found in the rite by which Pope John VIII crowned Louis II of France at Troyes in 877. The Pope then crowns the Emperor, using one of three forms which are given, _Accipe signum gloriae in nomine Patris_, etc., or (alia) _Accipe coronam a Domino Deo praedestinatam_, or (alia) with the prayer _Deus Pater aeternae gloriae_. III A third recension of the Roman rite may be seen in a group of orders of the twelfth century, that of the Pontifical of Apamea[49], the Order of the Pontifical of Arles[50], and Ordo III of Waitz[51]. It must be borne in mind that the rite was in a continual process of developement in all lands, and therefore however convenient it may be to trace its history by means of recensions, yet these ‘recensions’ must be to some extent arbitrary, and indeed even in a group chosen to illustrate any given recension the documents vary to some extent from each other. The second of the orders mentioned above was that by which the Emperor Frederick I was crowned in 1155.