The Emperor accompanied by the clergy and nobles went in procession from the imperial palace to the church of St Sophia. Here he was arrayed in his royal vesture in a chamber specially prepared for him. He was anointed kneeling before the altar, and was then crowned by all the bishops. There is no mention of any other investiture, though the sword, sceptre, and orb are all referred to. Finally he was enthroned holding the sceptre in his right hand and the orb in his left, and Mass was celebrated. The account given by Robert is very meagre, but the rite described is clearly Western, and apparently one very similar to the third recension of the Roman rite. IV The end of the twelfth century is marked by a further developement in the rite contained in the _Liber Censuum_ of Cardinal Cenci[54]. This particular rite was probably used at the coronation of Henry VI and the Empress Constantia by Pope Celestine III in 1191[55]. The Emperor and Empress go in procession to St Mary in Turri, the choir singing _Ecce mitto angelum_, and there the Emperor takes the oath to defend the Roman Church. The oath has become longer and the Emperor swears fealty to the Pope and to his successors and that he will be a defender of the Roman Church[56], and kisses the Pope’s foot. The Pope gives him the Peace, and the procession sets out to St Peter’s, singing _Benedictus Dominus Deus Israel_. At the silver door of St Peter’s the Bishop of Albano meets the Emperor and recites the prayer _Deus in cuius manu sunt corda regum_. As the Pope enters the Responsory _Petre amas me_ is sung. Then under the Rota the Pope puts to the Emperor a series of questions concerning his faith and duty, and while the Pope retires to vest, the Bishop of Porto recites the prayer _Deus inenarrabilis auctor mundi_. Next the Emperor is vested in the chapel of St Gregory with amice, alb and girdle, and is led to the Pope, who ‘facit eum clericum,’ and he is thereupon vested with tunic, dalmatic, pluviale, mitre, buskins, and sandals. The Bishop of Ostia then proceeds to the silver door, where the Empress has been waiting, and recites the prayer _Omnipotens aeterne Deus fons et origo bonitatis_, and she is then led to St Gregory’s altar to await the Pope’s procession. The Pope proceeds to the Confessio of St Peter and Mass is begun. After the Kyrie the Litany is said by the archdeacon, the Emperor and Empress lying prostrate the while. The Emperor is then anointed (apparently before the altar of St Maurice)[57] by the Bishop of Ostia with the oil of exorcism on the right arm and between the shoulders with the prayer _Dominus Deus Omnipotens cuius est omnis potestas_, followed by the prayer (once an alternative) _Deus Dei Filius_. The benediction of the Empress follows, _Deus qui solus habes immortalitatem_, and she is anointed on the breast with the form _Spiritus Sancti gratia humilitatis nostrae officio copiosa descendat_, etc. The Pope, the anointing over, descends to