But even when we have the Epochs equalized there are difficulties depending from this determination of Epoch. This is particularly the case with the Indian calendarics. They have in India a solar year divided into solar months, and a lunar year which is divided into lunar months. Thus the first of Mesham is that point of time when the Sun enters the first point of the constellation Mesham. This is about the 12th April. But the first of As’wini is the day of New Moon in the constellation As’wini, and this, of course, is a variable date, depending on the position of the New Moon in relation to the first point of Mesham. But whatever may be the date given in terms of the Indian Calendar, before we can apply it we have to know in what relations our zodiac stand to theirs. They have a fixed point from which they make their calculations. This is _Zeta Piscium_, which marks the beginning of the constellations, and it corresponds with the first of Mesham, or the Sun’s ingress to the constellation Aries. We, on the other hand, count from the Vernal Equinox, the point at which the Sun crosses the Equator in the spring. This point, in relation to the fixed constellations, is continually shifting westward at the rate of about 50´´ per year, and this is what is known as the precession of the Equinoxes. The point we have to make is the relation of the Equinox to the first point of Mesham. The difference is what is called Ayanámsha. The difficulty in the matter of calculation has been—(_a_) the exact rate of precession during past centuries, which has only been determined in comparatively recent years, and (_b_) the unsatisfactory condition of Indian astronomical data. But these latter, with the advance of more exact methods in modern centres of Indian learning, have been considerably improved, and it is now justifiably possible to attempt an equalization of the two astronomical Epochs.