Very much depends on this, for it is quite impossible to study the Indian astrological literature without being able to refer their quantities to terms of our modern Western ephemerides or astronomical tables. When, for instance, the Indian books say that a certain yoga or conjunctions of planets in Kumbha means a particular thing, or has a particular signification, they mean the constellation Aquarius, and it will depend on the relations of this constellation to our corresponding sign Aquarius, as to what we are to understand. Also in the determination of the various periods depending on the Moon’s longitude at an Epoch, such as that of birth, we have to convert the Moon’s longitude into terms of our zodiac before we can apply their interpretations, or synchronize the periods with our own calendar. I have therefore agitated for a long time past for a thorough examination of the matter, and in despair of collaboration in other directions I applied to Dr. V. V. Ramanan of Madras, one of the most distinguished pandits of Southern India, and found in him a most useful and able exponent of ancient Indian learning. The first attempt at a determination of the Epoch or point of time when the Equinox coincided with the first point of Mesham was from a comparison of the length of the solar year as given in the _Suryasiddhanta_ and the value given in the best European works. It is seen that the Indian year is longer than the European estimate by 3 min. 20·4 sec. Now it is said that the Sun entered the sign Mesham in the year 1900 at 30 ghatikas 50 vighatikas after sunrise at Ujjain, on the 12th April. This equals 12th April, at 1 hr. 31 min. 28 sec. p.m., Greenwich mean time. The Sun’s longitude was then 22° 11´ 4´´ from the Vernal Equinox, and this divided by the mean rate of precession yields 1594 years, which taken from 1900 gives A.D. 306 as the Epoch. Let us check this result. We have seen that the Indian year is estimated at 3 min. 20·4 sec. more than the European. If then we multiply this amount by 1594, the number of years since the Epoch, we shall have 3 days 16 hrs. 45 min. 37·6 sec. as the total increment. The Sun in this time moves at a mean rate 3° 38´ 43´´, and as this amount represents the excess of the Indian solar year over the European during 1594 years, we should take it from 22° 11´ 4´´ in order to obtain the true difference in longitude between the Vernal Equinox and Mesham 0° in the year 1900. This leaves 18° 33´ 21´´, which, being divided by the mean rate of precession 50·1´´, gives 1335 years. Allowing for the difference of the Sun’s anomaly and the consequent increase of longitude, we should make the longitude 19° 4´ 7´´ and the Epoch 1372 years, which would give the year A.D. 528, as compared with A.D. 306 by the former calculation.