Produced by David T. Jones, Ross Cooling and the Online Distributed Proofreading Canada Team at http://www.pgdpcanada.net [Illustration: Frontenac arms and signature] THE MAKERS OF CANADA COUNT FRONTENAC BY WILLIAM D. LE SUEUR TORONTO MORANG & CO., LIMITED 1909 _Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada in the year 1906 by Morang & Co., Limited, in the Department of Agriculture_ PREFACE The author of the following work desires to acknowledge his obligations to two preceding writers who have dealt with the life and times of Count Frontenac, the late Mr. Parkman, and M. Henri Lorin. The merits of the former are too well known and too thoroughly established to need any commendation at this time. If he charms by the lucidity and picturesqueness of his style, none the less does he achieve a high level of historical accuracy, and manifest the control of the true spirit of historical criticism. The work of M. Lorin is, perhaps, less attractive in point of style, but it treats the whole subject from an independent point of view, and in a very comprehensive manner. It is a treasure-house of carefully sifted facts in relation to the career of Canada's most famous governor under the old regime. A certain French writer once complimented another--a dim recollection suggests that it was Buffon who so complimented President Debrosses in regard to his work on language--by saying that whoever treated the same subject "_apres lui_" would also have to do it "_d'apres lui_"; and such the author inclines to think has, to some extent, been his situation in relation to his two able and industrious predecessors. At the same time the present work has not been written without consultation of original sources, and it is trusted that it will be found--for Canadian readers especially--a not unserviceable or uninteresting narrative. W. D. LE SUEUR CONTENTS _CHAPTER I_ Page CANADA BEFORE FRONTENAC, 1603 TO 1632 1 _CHAPTER II_ CANADA BEFORE FRONTENAC, 1632 TO 1672 23 _CHAPTER III_ THE BEGINNING OF FRONTENAC'S ADMINISTRATION 61 _CHAPTER IV_ THE COMMENCEMENT OF TROUBLES 87 _CHAPTER V_ DIVIDED POWER 105 _CHAPTER VI_ THE LIFE OF A COLONY 131 _CHAPTER VII_ GOVERNORSHIP OF M. DE LA BARRE, 1682 TO 1685 171 _CHAPTER VIII_ GOVERNORSHIP OF MARQUIS DE DENONVILLE, 1685 TO 1689 197 _CHAPTER IX_ FRONTENAC TO THE RESCUE 229 _CHAPTER X_ FRONTENAC DEFENDER OF CANADA 263 _CHAPTER XI_ FIRE AND SWORD ON THE BORDER 305 _CHAPTER XII_ THE DRAMA OF WAR--PEACE AT THE LAST 333