Williams--_In_ Manual of book selection, _Appendix 2. Notes on paper making, pp. 93-103._ QUESTIONS. _1._ Give the essential and outstanding requirements of a modern book paper. _2._ The strength of a paper is determined by the constitution and structure of the fibrous elements of which it is composed. Explain. _3._ What substances are now principally used in paper-making? State the qualities of the different papers. _4._ What should be the requirements in the paper for a book of reference of over 1,000 pages? _5._ What is a featherweight paper? _Lesson 5._ INK. The process of making printing ink consists of grinding a pigment, black, white, or coloured, into a suitable varnish. Pigment is responsible for making the impression visible. Varnish responsible for the holding together of the pigment during its distribution on the press to the type. The different kinds of ink. The ingredients of good printing inks. Its stages of manufacture. Ink used for book work must be of the best quality. Hand-press requires different kind of ink to that used in machine presses. “Jobbing ink.” “Cut ink.” READING LIST. Andes--Oil colours and printers’ inks. _Scott Greenwood, 1918._ _Passim._ Encylopædia Britannica--Article _Ink_. Hitchcock, _editor_--The building of a book. _pp. 139-143._ Jacobi--Printing. _Chap. 19, pp. 214-217._ Mitchell--Ink. _Pitman._ _Passim._ Seymour--Modern printing inks: a practical handbook for printing-ink manufacturers. _Scott Greenwood, 1910._ _Passim._ QUESTIONS. _1._ Define the difference between printing inks and writing inks. _2._ Give the ingredients of a good printing ink to be used for book work. _3._ Explain the following terms:--coloured inks; cut ink; copying inks; sympathetic inks; printers’ inks. _4._ How is the impression conditioned by the flow of the ink? _Lesson 6._ BOOK ILLUSTRATION. The illustration of books began before the invention of printing, and the purpose of illustration is to carry the spirit of action rather than to serve as a basis for deft expression of technical skill. Illustrations are pictorial matter (plates, diagrams, etc.) generally used for the purpose of elucidating the text, the object being to enable the reader to obtain a better grasp and a more realistic view of the subject which the author would seek to present whether in connection with science, travel, or fiction. Illustrations make clearer to the imagination their stories and their songs by reflecting manners of life, interests and pursuits in a way that brightens what would otherwise often be commonplace.