In my Crania Americana, p. 283, I have described an ingenious method of measuring the internal capacity of the cranium, devised by my friend Mr. John S. Phillips. The material used for filling the skull, as there directed, was white pepper seed, which was chosen on account of its spheroidal form, and general uniformity of size. Finding, however, that considerable variation occurred in successive measurements of the skull, I substituted leaden shot one tenth of an inch in diameter, in place of the seeds. The skull must be _completely filled_ by shaking it while the shot is poured in at the foramen magnum, into which the finger must be frequently pressed for the same purpose, until the various sinuosities will receive no more. When this is accomplished, the shot on being transferred to the tube, will give the _absolute_ capacity of the cranium, or _size of the brain_, in cubic inches. Footnote 10: I have in my possession seventy-nine crania of Negroes born in Africa, for which I am indebted to Doctors Goheen and M’Dowell, lately attached to the medical department of the Colony at Liberia, in western Africa; and especially to Don Jose Rodriguez Cisneros, M. D., of Havana, in the island of Cuba. Of the whole number, fifty-eight are adult, or sixteen years of age, and upwards, and give eighty-five cubic inches for the average size of the brain. The largest head measures ninety-nine cubic inches; the smallest but sixty-five. The latter, which is that of a middle-aged woman, is the smallest adult head that has hitherto come under my notice. Footnote 11: Rosellini, M. R. Plate 102, Fig. 47. Footnote 12: Idem, M. C. Plate 43, Fig. 45. Footnote 13: Rosellini, M. C., Plate 128, Fig. 2. Footnote 14: Idem, Plate 101, Fig. 2. Footnote 15: Rosellini, M. C. Plate 127. Footnote 16: Description de L’Egypte, Antiq. T. I. pl. 68, fig. 114.—HAMILTON, Ægyptiaca, p. 55. Footnote 17: “Dentes vegrandes, et incisorum quoque coronæ crassé cylindricæ magis aut obtusé conicæ, quam scalpriformes.” _Decas prima_, p. 12. See also Trans. Royal Soc. of London, 1794. Footnote 18: _Prichard_, Researches, Vol. II., p. 250. Footnote 19: Ptolemæi Geog. Lib. I., cap. ix., as quoted in Edinburgh Review, Vol. LX. p. 312. Footnote 20: Did any one ever read the EUTERPE for the first time without some misgivings of this kind? I ask this question with a profound respect for the venerable historian and traveller. Footnote 21: It is a curious fact observed by Rosellini and others, that the Greeks painted some of their divinities red, as Jupiter and Pan; and even Venus herself appears to have been sometimes represented of the same colour. _Monumenti Civili_, II., p. 169. Footnote 22: