Cellulose from wood pulp is now made into a large variety of useful articles of which a few examples are here pictured 121 Plantation rubber 160 Forest rubber 160 In making garden hose the rubber is formed into a tube by the machine on the right and coiled on the table to the left 161 The rival sugars 176 Interior of a sugar mill showing the machinery for crushing cane to extract the juice 177 Vacuum pans of the American Sugar Refinery Company 177 Cotton seed oil as it is squeezed from the seed by the presses 200 Cotton seed oil as it comes from the compressors flowing out of the faucets 201 Splitting coconuts on the island of Tahiti 216 The electric current passing through salt water in these cells decomposes the salt into caustic soda and chlorine gas 217 Germans starting a gas attack on the Russian lines 224 Filling the cannisters of gas masks with charcoal made from fruit pits--Long Island City 225 The chlorpicrin plant at the Bdgewood Arsenal 234 Repairing the broken stern post of the _U.S.S. Northern Pacific_, the biggest marine weld in the world 235 Making aloxite in the electric furnaces by fusing coke and bauxite 240 A block of carborundum crystals 241 Making carborundum in the electric furnace 241 Types of gas mask used by America, the Allies and Germany during the war 256 Pumping melted white phosphorus into hand grenades filled with water--Edgewood Arsenal 257 Filling shell with "mustard gas" 257 Photomicrographs showing the structure of steel made by Professor E.G. Mahin of Purdue University 272 The microscopic structure of metals 273 INTRODUCTION BY JULIUS STIEGLITZ Formerly President of the American Chemical Society, Professor of Chemistry in The University of Chicago The recent war as never before in the history of the world brought to the nations of the earth a realization of the vital place which the science of chemistry holds in the development of the resources of a nation. Some of the most picturesque features of this awakening reached the great public through the press. Thus, the adventurous trips of the _Deutschland_ with its cargoes of concentrated aniline dyes, valued at millions of dollars, emphasized as no other incident our former dependence upon Germany for these products of her chemical industries.