The proper method of arriving at a more or less satisfactory solution of the criminal problem is to inquire into the causes which are producing the criminal population, and to institute remedies based upon the results of such an inquiry. Professor Ferri's volume has this object in view. The first chanter, on the data of Criminal Anthropology, is an inquiry into the individual conditions which tend to produce criminal habits of mind and action. The second chapter, on the data of criminal statistics, is an examination of the adverse social conditions which tend to drive certain sections of the population into crime. It is Professor Ferri's contention that the volume of crime will not be materially diminished by codes of criminal law however skilfully they may be constructed, but by an amelioration of the adverse individual and social conditions of the community as a whole. Crime is a product of these adverse conditions, and the only effective way of grappling with it is to do away as far as possible with the causes from which it springs. Although criminal codes can do comparatively little towards the reduction of crime, they are absolutely essential for the protection of society. Accordingly, the last chapter, on Practical Reforms, is intended to show how criminal law and prison administration may be made more effective for purposes of social defence. W. D. M. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAGE THE DATA OF CRIMINAL ANTHROPOLOGY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Origin of Criminal Sociology, 1--Origin of Criminal Anthropology, 4--Methods of Criminal Anthropology, 4--Relation between Criminal Anthropology and Criminal Sociology, 5--Criminal Anthropology studies the organic and mental constitution of the criminal, 7-- The criminal skull and brain, 7--Criminal physiognomy, 8--Physical insensibility among criminals, 9--Criminal heredity, 9--Criminal psychology, 9--Moral insensibility among criminals, 10--The criminal mind, 10. II. The data of criminal anthropology only applies to the habitual or congenital criminal, 11--The occasional and habitual criminal, 11--Comparison between the criminal and non-criminal skull, 12--Anomalies in the criminal skull, 12--The habitual criminal, 13--The crimes of habitual criminals, 14--The criminal type confined to habitual criminals, 18--The proportion of habitual criminals in the criminal population, 18--Forms of habitual criminality, 19--Forms of occasional criminality, 21-- Classification of criminals, 23--Criminal lunatics, 26--Moral insanity, 26--Born criminals, 28--Criminals by acquired habit, 30--Criminal precocity, 31--Nature of juvenile crime, 32--Relapsed criminals, 35--Precocity and relapse among criminals, 38-- Criminals of passion, 39--Occasional criminals, 41--Differences between<p ix>