[Footnote 10: The number of interments in the Catacombs cannot very well be regarded as evidence. Archæologists differ by millions in estimating the number, and the populous Church after Constantine still buried in the Catacombs, at least until the Pontificate of Damasus.] [Footnote 11: V., 13.] [Footnote 12: _Epistle_, v.] [Footnote 13: See Eusebius, ii., 15, and iii., 40, for the words of Papias, and ii., 25, for the testimony of Dionysius.] [Footnote 14: _Letter to Romans_, iv.] [Footnote 15: Even the names and order are given differently in early writers. I follow, as is now usual, the order given by Epiphanius (xxvii., 6) and Irenæus.] [Footnote 16: Bunsen's four-volume _Hippolytus and his Age_ (1852) was sharply attacked by Döllinger (_Hippolytus and Callistus_, English translation, 1876) and more judiciously handled by G.B. de Rossi in his _Bulletino di Archeologia Cristiana_ (1866, pp. 1-33). Milman (_History of Latin Christianity_, vol. i.) and Ch. Wordsworth (_St. Hippolytus and the Church of Rome_, 1853) supported Bunsen. The work itself is translated in _The Ante-Nicene Library_, vol. vi.] [Footnote 17: This anonymous catalogue of the Popes, which I must often quote, is a quaint mixture of accurate archives and inaccurate rumours. The first part seems to have been written in the sixth century, and it was continued as a semi-official record. See the Introduction to Duchesne's edition.] [Footnote 18: Fuscianus was Prefect between the years 186 and 189, so that we have an approximate date of these events.] [Footnote 19: _De Pudicitia_, i. Döllinger, on no apparent ground, and against all probability, refers this to Zephyrin, and some older writers think that the indignant Puritan is quoting an African bishop. We must agree with De Rossi that Tertullian has Callistus in mind, especially when we find Hippolytus saying that he was "the first" to do this. An earlier attempt of an Eastern bishop might easily have escaped Hippolytus.] [Footnote 20: Vol. vi., p. 346. This is a fair, if inelegant, rendering of the Greek text given by Duncker and Schneidewin in their edition of the _Refutation_, and it corresponds with the Latin translation given by those editors and with De Rossi. Döllinger is alone in his interpretation.] [Footnote 21: _Confessions_, viii., 2.] [Footnote 22: XLVIII.] [Footnote 23: VI., 18.] [Footnote 24: Neither this church nor the Basilica S. Callisti can have been the original meeting-place, though the latter may have been founded on it.] [Footnote 25: _History of Rome and the Popes in the Early Middle Ages_, i,. 313.] CHAPTER II ST. DAMASUS AND THE TRIUMPH