Public opinion; Public relations; Publicity; Social psychology
Let us take the example of a public relations counsel who is confronted
with the specific problem of modifying or influencing the attitude
of the public toward a given tariff bill. A tariff bill, of course,
is primarily the application of theoretical economics to a concrete
industrial situation. The public relations counsel in analyzing must
see himself simultaneously as a member of a large number of publics. He
must visualize himself as a manufacturer, a retailer, an importer, an
employer, a worker, a financier, a politician.
Within these groups he must see himself again as a member of the
various subdivisions of each of these groups. He must see himself, for
example, as a member of a group of manufacturers who obtain the bulk of
their raw material within the United States, and at the same time as a
member of a group of manufacturers who obtain large portions of their
raw material from abroad and whose importations of raw material may be
adversely affected by the pending tariff bill. He must see himself not
only as a farm laborer but also as a mechanic in a large industrial
center. He must see himself as the owner of the department store and as
a member of the buying public. He must be able to generalize, as far as
possible, from these points of view in order to strike upon the appeal
or group of appeals which will be influential with as many sections of
society as possible.[30]
Let us assume that our problem is the intensification in the public
mind of the prestige of a hotel. The problem for the public relations
counsel is to create in the public mind the close relationship between
the hotel and a number of ideas that represent the things the hotel
desires to stand for in the public mind.
The counsel therefore advises the hotel to make a celebration of its
thirtieth anniversary which happens to fall at this particular time
and suggests to the president the organization of an anniversary
committee of a body of business men who represent the cream of the
city’s merchants. This committee is to include men who represent a
number of stereotypes that will help to produce the inevitable result
in the public mind. There are to be also a leading banker, a society
woman, a prominent lawyer, an influential preacher, and so forth until
a cross section of the city’s most telling activities is mirrored in
the committee. The stereotype has its effect, and what may have been an
indefinite impression beforehand has been reënforced and concretized.
The hotel remains preëminent in the public mind. The stereotypes have
proved its preëminence. The cause has been strongly presented to the
public by identification with different group stereotypes.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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