A form, if of general character, that is, if composed of faces each of
which is inclined to all three axes, will comprise more faces the higher
the symmetry. Thus, in the cubic system, the form shown in Fig. 21, the
hexakis octahedron, comprises as many as forty-eight faces, all covered
by the form symbol {321}; while in the rhombic system the highest number
of faces in a form is eight, in the monoclinic only four, and in the
triclinic system two. It will also have become clear that the law of
rational indices limits the number of forms possible of any one type.
For instance, very few hexakis octahedra are known, the most frequently
occurring ones besides {321} being {421}, {531}, and {543}. Forms, of
any class, possessing higher indices than these are very rare,
especially in the systems of lower symmetry.
[Illustration:
FIG. 47.—The Spherical Projection.
]
We next come to a further very interesting fact about crystals. Let us
imagine a crystal, on which the faces are fairly evenly developed, to be
placed in the middle of a sphere of jelly, as indicated in Fig. 47
(reproduced from a Memoir by the late Prof. Penfield), so that the
centre or origin of the axial system of the crystal and the centre of
the sphere coincide. Let us now further imagine that long needles are
stuck through the jelly and the crystal, one perpendicular to each
crystal face, and so as to reach the centre. The crystal represented in
Fig. 47 is a combination of the cube _a_, octahedron _o_, and rhombic
dodecahedron _d_. If such a thing as we have imagined were possible, we
should find that the needles would emerge at the surface of the sphere
in points which would lie on great circles, that is, on circles which
represent the intersection of the sphere by planes passing through the
centre. Moreover, the points would be distributed along these circles at
regularly recurring angular positions, corresponding to the symmetry of
the crystal. If the crystal belonged to one of the higher systems of
symmetry, it would happen that four of the points on at least one of
these great circles, and possibly on three of them, would be 90° apart,
that is, would be at the ends of rectangular diameters, which would most
likely be the axes of reference. The other points would be distributed
symmetrically on each side of these four points.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account