Bravais, perfecting the work of his predecessor Frankenheim, made us
acquainted with the fourteen fundamentally important space-lattices, or
same-ways orientated arrangements of points. If we regard each chemical
molecule as represented by a point, disregarding the separate atoms of
which it is composed, then these fourteen space-lattices represent the
possible arrangements of the molecules in the crystal in all the simpler
cases; three of these lattices have cubic symmetry; the tetragonal,
hexagonal, trigonal, rhombic and monoclinic systems claim two
space-lattices each; while one space-lattice conforms to the lack of
symmetry of the triclinic system.
The fourteen space-lattices of Bravais thus represent the arrangement of
the chemical molecules in the crystal, and determine the systematic
symmetry. The points being taken absolutely analogously in all the
molecules, and the whole assemblage being homogeneous, that is, such
that the environment about any one spot is the same as about every
other, the arrangement is obviously a same-ways orientated one, the
molecules being all arranged parallel-wise to each other.
[Illustration:
FIG. 59.—Triclinic Space-Lattice.
]
But the fact that the structure is that of a space-lattice also causes
the crystal to obey the law of rational indices. To enable us to see how
this comes about it is only necessary to regard a space-lattice. In Fig.
59 is represented the general form of space-lattice, that which
corresponds to triclinic symmetry. It is obviously built up of
parallelepipeda, the edges of which are proportional to the lengths of
the three triclinic axes, and their mutual inclinations are those of the
latter. As we may take our representative point anywhere in the
molecule, so long as the position chosen is the same for all the
molecules of the assemblage, we may imagine the points occupying the
centres of the parallelepipeda instead of the corners if we choose, for
that would only be equivalent to moving the whole space-lattice slightly
parallel to itself. Hence, each cell may be regarded as the habitat of
the chemical molecule.
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