The Zodiacal Light seems never to have attracted from astronomers in
general the amount of careful attention that it deserves; perhaps
because so little can really be made of it as far as explanation is
concerned. I have referred to the restraint that scientific writers
apparently feel in speaking of it. The grounds for speculation that it
affords may be too scanty to lead to long discussions, yet it piques
curiosity, and as we shall see in a moment has finally led to a most
interesting theory. Once it was the subject of an elaborate series of
studies which carried the observer all round the world. That was in
1845—46, during the United States Exploring Expedition that visited the
then little known Japan. The chaplain of the fleet, the Rev. Mr Jones,
went out prepared to study the mysterious light in all its phases. He
saw it from many latitudes on both sides of the equator, and the
imagination cannot but follow him with keen interest in his
world-circling tour, keeping his eyes every night fixed upon the
phantasm overhead, whose position shifted with that of the hidden sun.
He demonstrated that the flow extends at times completely across the
celestial dome, although it is relatively faint directly behind the
earth. On his return the government published a large volume of his
observations, in which he undertook to show that the phenomenon was due
to the reflection of sunlight from a ring of meteoric bodies encircling
the earth. But, after all, this elaborate investigation settled
nothing.
Prof. E. E. Barnard has more recently devoted much attention to the
Zodiacal Light, as well as to a strange attendant phenomenon called the
“Gegenschein,” or Counterglow, because it always appears at that point
in the sky which is exactly opposite the sun. The Gegenschein is an
extremely elusive phenomenon, suitable only for eyes that have been
specially trained to see it. Professor Newcomb has cautiously remarked
that
it is said that in that point of the heavens directly opposite the sun
there is an elliptical patch of light... This phenomenon is so
difficult to account for that its existence is sometimes doubted; yet
the testimony in its favor is difficult to set aside.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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