It certainly cannot be set aside at all since the observations of
Barnard. I recall an attempt to see it under his guidance during a
visit to Mount Hamilton, when he was occupied there with the Lick
telescope. Of course, both the Gegenschein and the Zodiacal Light are
too diffuse to be studied with telescopes, which, so to speak, magnify
them out of existence. They can only be successfully studied with the
naked eye, since every faintest glimmer that they afford must be
utilized. This is especially true of the Gegenschein. At Mount
Hamilton, Mr Barnard pointed out to me its location with reference to
certain stars, but with all my gazing I could not be sure that I saw
it. To him, on the contrary, it was obvious; he had studied it for
months, and was able to indicate its shape, its boundaries, its
diameter, and the declination of its center with regard to the
ecliptic. There is not, of course, the shadow of a doubt of the
existence of the Gegenschein, and yet I question if one person in a
million has ever seen or ever will see it. The Zodiacal Light, on the
other hand, is plain enough, provided that the time and the
circumstances of the observation are properly chosen.
In the attempts to explain the Zodiacal Light, the favorite hypothesis
has been that it is an appendage of the sun—perhaps simply an extension
of the corona in the plane of the ecliptic, which is not very far from
coinciding with that of the sun’s equator. This idea is quite a natural
one, because of the evident relation of the light to the position of
the sun. The vast extension of the equatorial wings of the corona in
1878 gave apparent support to this hypothesis; if the substance of the
corona could extend ten million miles from the sun, why might it not
extend even one hundred million, gradually fading out beyond the orbit
of the earth? A variation of this hypothesis assumes that the
reflection is due to swarms of meteors circling about the sun, in the
plane of its equator, all the way from its immediate neighborhood to a
distance exceeding that of the earth. But in neither form is the
hypothesis satisfactory; there is nothing in the appearance of the
corona to indicate that it extends even as far as the planet Mercury,
while as to meteors, the orbits of the known swarms do not accord with
the hypothesis, and we have no reason to believe that clouds of others
exist traveling in the part of space where they would have to be in
order to answer the requirements of the theory. The extension of the
corona in 1878 did not resemble in its texture the Zodiacal Light.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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