That the Light as we see it could be produced by the reflection of
sunlight from swarms of particles careering round the earth in the
manner supposed by Arrhenius’ hypothesis is evident enough; and it will
be observed that the new theory, after all, is only another variant of
the older one which attributes the Zodiacal Light to an extension of
the solar corona. But it differs from the older theory in offering an
explanation of the manner in which the extension is effected, and it
differentiates between the corona proper and the streams of negative
particles shot away from the sun. In its details the hypothesis of
Arrhenius also affords an explanation of many peculiarities of the
Zodiacal Light, such as that it is confined to the neighborhood of the
ecliptic, and that it is stronger on the side of the earth which is
just turning away from a position under the sun than on the other side;
but it would carry us beyond our limits to go into these particulars.
The Gegenschein, according to this theory, is a part of the same
phenomenon as the Zodiacal Light, for by the laws of perspective it is
evident that the reflection from the streams of particles situated at a
point directly opposite to the sun would be at a maximum, and this is
the place which the Gegenschein occupies. Apart from its geometrical
relations to the position of the sun, the variability of the Zodiacal
Light appears to affirm its solar dependence, and this too would be
accounted for by Arrhenius’ hypothesis better than by the old theory of
coronal extension. The amount of corpuscular discharge from the sun
must naturally be governed by the state of relative activity or
inactivity of the latter, and this could not but be reflected in the
varying splendor of the Zodiacal Light. But much more extended study
than has yet been given to the subject will be required before we can
feel that we know with reasonable certainty what this mysterious
phenomenon really is. By the hypothesis of Arrhenius every planet that
has an atmosphere must have a Zodiacal Light attending it, but the
phenomenon is too faint for us to be able to see it in the case, for
instance, of Venus, whose atmosphere is very abundant. The moon has no
corresponding “comet’s tail” because, as already explained, of the lack
of a lunar atmosphere to repel the streams by becoming itself
electrified; but if there were a lunar Zodiacal Light, no doubt we
could see it because of the relative nearness of our satellite.
IX
Marvels of the Aurora
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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