CURIOUS FACTS IN THE HISTORY OF INSECTS; INCLUDING SPIDERS AND SCORPIONS. A COMPLETE COLLECTION OF THE LEGENDS, SUPERSTITIONS, BELIEFS, AND OMINOUS SIGNS CONNECTED WITH INSECTS; TOGETHER WITH THEIR USES IN MEDICINE, ART, AND AS FOOD; AND A SUMMARY OF THEIR REMARKABLE INJURIES AND APPEARANCES. BY FRANK COWAN. PHILADELPHIA: J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. 1865. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. TO MISS CATHARINE STOY THE FOLLOWING PAGES ARE RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED BY HER FRIEND, THE AUTHOR. PREFACE. In the early part of the winter of 1863-4, having the free use of the Congressional Library at Washington, I began the compilation of the present work. It was my prime intent, and one which I have endeavored to follow most carefully, to attach some fact, whatever might be its nature, to as many Insects as possible, to increase the interest, in a commonplace way, of the science of Entomology. I noticed the pleasurable satisfaction I invariably felt when I came accidentally upon any extra-scientific fact, and how the association fixed the particular Insect, to which it related, ineffaceably upon my memory. To collect and group, then, all these facts together, to remember many Insects as easily as one,--was a natural thought; and as this had never been done, but to a very limited extent, I undertook it myself. The facts contained in this volume are supposed to be purely historical, or rather not to belong to the natural history of Insects, namely, their anatomy, habits, classification, etc. They have been collected mostly from Chronicles, Histories, Books of Travels, and such like works, which, at first view, seem to be totally foreign to Insects: and were only discovered by examination of the indexes and tables of contents. But are my facts _facts_?--it may be asked. They are; but I do not vouch for each one’s containing more than one truth. It is a fact, or truth if you will, that Pliny, Nat. Hist. xi. 34, says, “Folke use to hang Beetles about the neck of young babes, as present remedies against many maladies;” but that this statement is entitled to credit, and that these Insects, hung about the necks of young babes, _are_ a present remedy against many maladies, are two things which may be very true or far otherwise. I confine myself to the fact that Pliny says so, and only wish to be understood in that sense, unless when otherwise stated. The classification of Mr. Westwood, in the arrangement of the orders and families, I have followed as closely as was possible, except in one or two instances: and where Insects have common and familiar names, they have been given together with their scientific ones.