In England, petty thieves, unruly servants, wife-beaters, hedge-tearers, vagrants, Sabbath-breakers, revilers, gamblers, drunkards, ballad-singers, fortune-tellers, traveling musicians and a variety of other offenders, were all punished by the stocks. Doubtless the most notable person ever set in the stocks for drinking too freely was that great man, Cardinal Wolsey. About the year 1500 he was the incumbent at Lymington, and getting drunk at a village feast, he was seen by Sir Amyas Poulett, a strict moralist, and local justice of the peace, who humiliated the embryo cardinal by thrusting him in the stocks. The Boston magistrates had a "pair of bilbowes" doubtless brought from England; but these were only temporary, and soon stocks were ordered. It is a fair example of the humorous side of Puritan law so frequently and unwittingly displayed that the first malefactor set in these strong new stocks was the carpenter who made them: "Edward Palmer for his extortion in taking L1, 13s., 7d. for the plank and woodwork of Boston stocks is fyned L5 & censured to bee sett an houre in the stocks." Thus did our ancestors make the "punishment fit the crime." It certainly was rather a steep charge, for Carpenter Robert Bartlett of New London made not long after "a pair of stocks with nine holes fitted for the irons," and only charged thirteen shillings and fourpence for his work. The carpenter of Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, likewise, as Pepys said of a new pair of stocks in his neighborhood, took handsel of the stocks of his own making. In Virginia a somewhat kindred case was that of one Mr. Henry Charlton of Hungar's Parish in 1633. For slandering the minister, Mr. Cotton, Charlton was ordered "to make a pair of stocks and set in them several Sabbath days after divine service, and then ask Mr. Cotton's forgiveness for using offensive words concerning him." In Maryland in 1655 another case may be cited. One William Bramhall having been convicted of signing a rebellious petition, was for a second offense of like nature ordered to be "at the Charge of Building a Pair of Stocks and see it finished within one Month." There is no reference to his punishment through the stocks of his own manufacture. With a regard for the comfort of the criminal strangely at variance with what Cotton Mather termed "the Gust of the Age," and a profound submission to New England climate, a Massachusetts law, enacted June 18, 1645, declares that "he yt offens in excessive and longe drinkinge, he shalbe sett in the stocks for three howers _when the weather is seasonable_."