Folklore; Manners and customs; Mythology; Religion
In this story the son of a Boulogne pilot marries the daughter of the
King of Naz--wherever that may be. In Naz a man is never allowed to see
the face of his wife till she has borne him a child--a modification of
the Futa rule. The inquisitive French husband unveils his wife, and,
like Psyche in Apuleius, drops wax from a candle on her cheek. When the
pair return to Naz, the king of that country discovers the offence of the
husband, and, by the aid of his magicians, transforms the Frenchman into
a monster. Here we have the old formula--the infringement of a 'taboo,'
and the magical punishment--adapted to the ideas of Breton peasantry. The
essential point of the story, for our purpose, is that the veiling of the
bride is 'the custom of women,' in the mysterious land of Naz. 'C'est
l'usage du pays: les maris ne voient leurs femmes sans voile que
lorsqu'elles sont devenues meres.' Now our theory of the myth of Urvasi
is simply this: 'the custom of women,' which Pururavas transgresses, is
probably a traditional Aryan law of nuptial etiquette, l'usage du pays,
once prevalent among the people of India.
If our view be correct, then several rules of etiquette, and not one
alone, will be illustrated in the stories which we suppose the rules to
have suggested. In the case of Urvasi and Pururavas, the rule was, not
to see the husband naked. In 'Cupid and Psyche,' the husband was not to
be looked upon at all. In the well-known myth of Melusine, the bride is
not to be seen naked. Melusine tells her lover that she will only abide
with him dum ipsam nudam non viderit. {76a} The same taboo occurs in a
Dutch Marchen. {76b}
We have now to examine a singular form of the myth, in which the strange
bride is not a fairy, or spiritual being, but an animal. In this class
of story the husband is usually forbidden to perform some act which will
recall to the bride the associations of her old animal existence. The
converse of the tale is the well-known legend of the Forsaken Merman. The
king of the sea permits his human wife to go to church. The ancient
sacred associations are revived, and the woman returns no more.
She will not come though you call all day
Come away, come away.
Now, in the tales of the animal bride, it is her associations with her
former life among the beasts that are not to be revived, and when they
are reawakened by the commission of some act which she has forbidden, or
the neglect of some precaution which she has enjoined, she, like Urvasi,
disappears.
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Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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