Cycling art, energy, and locomotion : $b A series of remarks on the development of bicycles, tricycles, and man-motor carriagesScott, Robert P. (Robert Pittis)
History
Cycling art, energy, and locomotion : $b A series of remarks on the development of bicycles, tricycles, and man-motor carriages
Scott, Robert P. (Robert Pittis)
Bicycles; Cycling; Tricycles
As to the high-up saddle or centre of gravity, true, an inch side-slip
at the ground, of a machine with a low-down centre of gravity, will
cause it to assume a greater slant or angle from the vertical than a
higher; hence our friend could well say that when the Safety starts to
slip it will be more certain to go on down. It is to be noted, however,
as against this idea, that other machines with low-down saddles do not
slip.
Taking all the theories and experiences, _pro_ and _con_, into
consideration, I am inclined to believe that no one cause can account
for the entire difficulty; it is probably a combination of smaller
elements partly belonging to several of the theories advanced. The
elements which have been most strongly urged are, first, the driver
being small; second, the driver being in the rear; third, the weight
being in the rear; fourth, the work being done between the wheels. All
these seem to work to the same end. Again, any drive-wheel will slip
worse than a non-driver, since a sliding force in any direction will
tend to loosen the hold of the rubber tire from the surface of the
road more than any rolling action. A short slide from a stone is felt
more when the weight is upon the wheel, and the drop in rolling off so
distinctly felt in connection with the small wheel is much sharper than
a similar action of a large one. A rider can certainly manage himself
better and more surely when he drives, steers, and leads with the
same wheel and has his weight upon it. This is what he _does_ on the
Ordinary and just what he _does not_ do on the rear-driver.
The deepest and most profound explanation of all side-slip was recently
proposed to the writer by a mathematician of great ability; but it is
so complex that he has not worked it out himself yet, though expecting
daily to hand in the solution. He says it is all from the relation of
the points, first, of the centre of gravity, second, of the centre of
oscillation, and third, of the transmission of power, to each other.
Just where and how they ought to be is, as yet, not fully determined.
To remedy the evil of the side-slip in the most obvious ways would be
to make the rear-driving Safety no longer the same machine; it would
ruin, to a great extent, the very qualities for which it is prized,
and therefore, if any such theories as before enumerated should prove
tenable, the only clear way out of the difficulty would be in the use
of non-slipping tires, if such can be produced.
In regard to the angle at which any machine will slip in rounding
a corner, some, who have advanced the idea that the Safety slipped
because it had to lean more, do not appear to be aware of, or take
into account, the fact that the angle at which the cycle, or any other
machine, must lean under such circumstances is entirely independent of
the height of the centre of gravity. The angle is a function of the
speed and radius of curvature only.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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