Cyclopedia of Commerce, Accountancy, Business Administration, v. 01 (of 10)American School of Correspondence
General
Cyclopedia of Commerce, Accountancy, Business Administration, v. 01 (of 10)
American School of Correspondence
Accounting; Business; Commerce
=Information Required.= The shipping clerk should be fully informed on
all traffic questions that affect the shipment of the goods of his
house. Of first importance is a knowledge of classifications, that he
may know that his shipments are placed in the lowest classification to
which they are entitled. Copies of the classifications can be obtained
from any local freight office.
In this country there are three principal classifications, these being
the _official_, governing the eastern territory; _western_, governing
western territory; _southern_, governing southern territory. There are
also a few special classifications governing classifications in certain
states. While some attempt at uniform classification has been made, the
several classifications show many variations, the same article taking
different classifications in different territories.
When classifications are received, they must be carefully studied
by the shipping clerk that he may really understand to what
classifications his goods are entitled. It might be supposed that
a certain article or class of goods would always take the same
classification, but this is not the case; other questions than the name
have a bearing on the question.
The manner of packing goods very often determines the classification.
Certain articles are placed in a lower classification if boxed than
they would be if crated. This is specially true of goods that are
liable to damage in transit. Many shippers make a practice of crating
goods because it can be done more cheaply than boxing, without
realizing that the difference in packing cost is more than offset by
the increase in the freight rate.
The classification is also sometimes determined by the manner in which
the goods are described. It is necessary, therefore, to study the
classifications with reference to the description that will insure the
most favorable rate. However, false descriptions made for the purpose
of securing a lower classification must be avoided, as the Interstate
Commerce Act provides a heavy penalty for such falsification. But there
may be several different descriptions which legitimately apply to a
given article, each placing it in a different class. A case in point:
The western classification made no provision for filing cabinets in
carload lots, with the result that a carload shipment, described as
filing cabinets, took the rate provided for less than carload lots. But
the same classification gave a lower classification, consequently a
lower rate, on office furniture in carload lots. Filing cabinets being
office furniture, it was entirely legitimate to describe such shipments
as office furniture.
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