The Shipping Clerk--Class Rates--Commodity Rates--Freight Tariffs--Condensed Rate File--Routing Shipments--Filling Orders--Checking Shipments--Export Shipping--Freight Claims-- Express Shipments--Retail Delivery System CORRESPONDENCE AND FILING _By James B. Griffith_ Page 231 Opening and Distributing Mail--Correspondence Short Cuts-- Talking Machines for Dictation--Copying Correspondence-- Stenographic Division--Records of Work--Filing Division--Filing Systems--Methods of Indexing--Guiding, Transferring, and Sorting-- Selecting Filing Equipment--Styles of Construction BUSINESS STATISTICS _By James B. Griffith_ Page 287 Sales Costs--Records of Shipments--Returned Goods--Salesmen's Records--Expense Distribution--Department Sales--Trading Statements--Profit Figuring--Administrative Costs--Profit and Loss Statements--Mailing-Room Machinery REVIEW QUESTIONS Page 333 INDEX Page 347 [Illustration: AN EXECUTIVE OFFICE AT THE PLANT OF CORBIN CABINET LOCK COMPANY, NEW BRITAIN, CONN.] ADMINISTRATIVE AND INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION =1.= With little fear of contradiction, it may be stated that every commercial enterprise is conducted with the one purpose in view of making money for its owners. Naturally, the owners desire the largest possible returns from their investment of money or time, or both. Every person connected with the enterprise, in any capacity whatsoever, is indirectly working for the same purpose--to make as much money as possible for the owners of the business. The largest possible volume of profitable business must be transacted; the business must be conducted with economy; the returns from each dollar expended must be as large as possible. This very condition is one of the beneficial results of modern business methods. The demand for a greater volume, lower cost of production, and more economical methods, has brought with it an incentive to greater effort on the part of the individual, with corresponding rewards. That the efforts of the individual may be productive of best results, he must have the coöperation of other individuals engaged in the same enterprise. The enterprise must be properly organized. Realizing the absolute necessity of harmoniously working organizations, keen students of business affairs have given much study to the question of how to organize a business. They have studied the plans of operation of the most successful enterprises, for the purpose of discovering those factors which have contributed most largely to their success. They have investigated and improved old plans and methods and invented new methods.