Cyclopedia of Commerce, Accountancy, Business Administration, v. 02 (of 10)American School of Correspondence
General
Cyclopedia of Commerce, Accountancy, Business Administration, v. 02 (of 10)
American School of Correspondence
Accounting; Business; Commerce
In actual practice, it is usually best to have all requisitions and
time─cards collected once during each day by a messenger from the
cost department. Sometimes, the cards are also filled out in the cost
department and delivered to the foreman with his shop order, leaving
him to enter only the man's number. When this plan is followed, the
cost clerk must be familiar with all of the operations required, and
must keep the foreman supplied with work orders to keep the shop
employed for at least a day ahead.
The receipt of the requisitions and time─cards supplies the cost
department with the necessary data for material and direct labor
charges to individual jobs. Data for similar charges on account of
repairs is secured in the same way.
The character of the records compiled from this data determines the
real value of the entire system of cost accounting. If, as is so often
the case, the compiling extends no farther than a mere tabulation of
costs of individual jobs, it does not reach its full value as a part
of the accounting records. Like single─entry bookkeeping, such records
are no more than mere memoranda. The full value is reached only when
the records of the cost department are made a part of the general
accounting system of the business; where controlling accounts absorb
all individual items of cost.
=41. Material Costs.= The compilation of material costs from the
requisitions should exhibit the total cost of all material used in the
plant and the total cost of material used on each job.
The records intended to exhibit the cost of _all_ material issued to
the factory should be divided according to classes, following the same
classifications as used for material purchase accounts in the general
ledger. This is very important as the information secured from such
classifications is needed to form the connecting link between the cost
and general accounting systems.
The value of the accounting records is greatly enhanced if, in the
general ledger, a purchase account is kept for each class of material
and supplies. If but one kind of material is used, only one material
purchase account is needed, but in a furniture business, for instance,
separate accounts should be kept for purchases of lumber and hardware;
in a harness manufacturing business, accounts should be kept for
harness leather, patent leather, saddle leather, and hardware. The
proper classification for any special business will readily suggest
itself, but the material should be classified according to its most
natural divisions.
The stores records also should be divided according to the same
classifications, so that the records of material included in any one
purchase account can be checked, without reference to the records
of other classes. In the storeroom of a harness business, a card or
sheet would be used for the record of each item in the hardware stock,
while all of these individual records would be filed under the general
classification, _hardware_.
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