Mr. Fred W. Taylor says that a workman should receive 30 to 100 per cent increase in wages upon the introduction of a piece─rate or bonus system of payment. Mr. Halsey says that the workman should receive one─third of increased value of his product resulting from an application of the bonus or premium system of payment. But the fact is that the employer should share liberally with his men; and, in the long run, the competition of other employers who are bidding for the services of workmen will force wages up to a point where the workman secures all but a very moderate percentage of the value of his daily product. =Educational Supervision.= As previously stated, the old type of foreman mingles the functions of a spy with the functions of a mule─driver. The higher we go in the scale of human intelligence, however, the more noticeable is the fact that _the supervisors are teachers of the men they supervise_. These supervisors, foremen, managers──call them what you may──have learned that it pays better to spend time in training their men than to spend time in tongue─thrashing. Only of late years has it been discovered that systematic training of the least intelligent of workmen pays equally as well as the training of the most intelligent. The manager who recognizes the necessity of educational supervision, undertakes, first, a careful time study of each class of work. Then he analyzes the results, and deduces methods of securing greater economy. Having evolved a method of procedure, he reduces it to writing, and furnishes his foremen with detailed written or printed instructions to be followed, or, where the workmen are intelligent enough, the instructions are given to them directly; otherwise it is the function of the foreman to instruct the workmen.