Cyclopedia of Commerce, Accountancy, Business Administration, v. 05 (of 10) — John Shaqi
Cyclopedia of Commerce, Accountancy, Business Administration, v. 05 (of 10)American School of Correspondence
General
Cyclopedia of Commerce, Accountancy, Business Administration, v. 05 (of 10)
American School of Correspondence
Accounting; Business; Commerce
5th. Take an inventory of stock on hand. The records show
quantities purchased and quantities sold. When the same goods have
been purchased at different prices, use the last price paid in
figuring inventory.
6th. Close accounts into trading and profit and loss accounts.
7th. Distribute net profits to partners' capital accounts.
COMBINED ORDER AND SALES RECORD
=17.= Instead of keeping separate order and sales books, both records
may be combined on one blank. This is accomplished by the use of order
blanks provided with columns for the distribution of sales to the
different departments. Before the order is filled these blanks are
handled in the same manner as those without distribution columns. When
filled, the amounts are extended in the proper columns and the invoice
made. The orders are then filed in a binder, each day's orders being
kept together, and postings made direct to customers' accounts. The
footings are carried forward to the end of the month and totals posted
to sales accounts. The original orders thus become a loose leaf sales
book.
ABSTRACT OF SALES
=18.= When the order blank is used as a sales record, making a sales
book with a record of a single sale to a sheet, it is somewhat
inconvenient to determine from the footings the total sales for the day.
This information is of considerable value, as a knowledge of what is
being done from day to day is of importance to the principals of a
business. Such a record is provided for by an abstract of sales on a
separate sheet. This abstract should show total sales for each day, both
cash and on account, divided by departments.
The blank may be made the same size as the order blanks, and filed in
the sales binder at the beginning of the month. Sales are recorded daily
and footings carried forward to the end of the month, when the totals
may be posted direct to the credit of the sales account in the general
ledger. The totals of sales on account will be posted to the debit of
the sales controlling account in the general ledger.
OUT FREIGHT
=19.= The proper treatment of freight paid on outgoing shipments is an
important question in accounting. When goods are sold at delivered
prices, the freight paid is one of the items of expense in selling the
goods, and when the books are closed the account will be closed into
profit and loss. However, in a wholesale business, freight is sometimes
paid as an accommodation to the customer when the goods have been sold
at f. o. b. prices. Although the amount should be added to the invoice
it should not be credited to the sales account as this would be taking
credit for a fictitious trading profit. Such an item should be made a
special charge against the customer by means of a journal entry.
Customer Dr.
Out Freight Cr.
[Illustration:
Combined Order and Sales Record
]
[Illustration:
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