“Grief brings daring into my heart,” which is cited in the _De Vulgari
Eloquentia_ (associated with another poem of Giraut de Borneil) as
a typical poem on _rectitudo_, “righteousness,” “the direction of
the will” (_V. E._ ii. 2). These two canzoni are the connecting link
between the _Rime_ and the _Commedia_; the first contains the germ of
Dante’s prophecy of the _Veltro_, his Messianic hope of the Deliverer
to come, who shall make Love’s darts shine with new lustre and renovate
the world; in the second, we already catch the first notes of the
_saeva indignatio_ of the sacred poem. With the exception of the
“montanina canzone” and some sonnets to Cino da Pistoia, Dante wrote
few other lyrics at this period[17]; indeed, one of the sonnets seems
to imply that he had finally turned away from such poetry (_da queste
nostre rime_) in contemplation of his greater task:
Io mi credea del tutto esser partito,
“I deemed myself to have utterly departed from these our rhymes, Messer
Cino, for henceforth another path befits my ship and further from the
shore.”
3. _The “Convivio”_
The _Convivio_, or “Banquet,” bears a somewhat similar relation to
the work of Dante’s second period as the _Vita Nuova_ did to that of
his adolescence. Just as after the death of Beatrice he collected his
earlier lyrics, furnishing them with prose narrative and commentary, so
now in exile he intended to put together fourteen of his later canzoni
and write a prose commentary upon them, to the honour and glory of his
mystical lady, Philosophy. Dante was certainly not acquainted with
Plato’s _Symposium_. It was from the _De Consolatione Philosophiae_
of Boëthius that the idea came to him of representing Philosophy as a
woman; but the “woman of ful greet reverence by semblaunt,” who “was
ful of so greet age, that men ne wolde nat trowen, in no manere, that
she were of oure elde” (so Chaucer renders Boëthius), is transformed to
the likeness of a _donna gentile_, the idealised human personality of
the poetry of the “dolce stil nuovo”:
“And I imagined her fashioned as a gentle lady; and I could not
imagine her in any bearing save that of compassion; wherefore so
willingly did the sense of truth look upon her, that scarcely could
I turn it from her. And from this imagining I began to go there
where she revealed herself in very sooth, to wit, in the schools of
religious and at the disputations of philosophers; so that in a short
time, perchance of thirty months, I began to feel so much of her
sweetness, that her love drove out and destroyed every other thought”
(_Conv._ ii. 13).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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