Only the introductory treatise and three of the commentaries were
actually written: those on the canzoni _Voi cite ’ntendendo_, _Amor
che ne la mente mi ragiona_, _Le dolci rime d’amor_. If the whole
work had been completed on the same scale as these four treatises, a
great part of the field of knowledge open to the fourteenth century
would have been traversed in the ardent service of this mystical
lady, whom the poet in the second treatise--not without considerable
inconsistency--represents as the same as the _donna gentile_ who
appeared towards the end of the _Vita Nuova_ (_Conv._ ii. 2). As it
is, the movements of the celestial bodies, the ministry of the angelic
orders, the nature of the human soul and the grades of psychic life,
the mystical significance and universality of love, are among the
subjects discussed in the second and third treatises. The fourth
treatise is primarily ethical: nobility as inseparable from love and
virtue, wealth, the Aristotelian definition of moral virtue and human
felicity, the goal of human life, the virtues suitable to each age,
are among the themes considered. Under one aspect the _Convivio_ is a
vernacular encyclopaedia (like the _Trésor_ of Brunetto Latini), but
distinguished from previous mediaeval works of the kind by its peculiar
form, its artistic beauty, and its personal note. From the first
treatise it is evident that the whole work had been fully planned;
but it is not possible to reconstruct it with any plausibility, or
to decide upon the question of which of the extant canzoni were to
be included, and in what order. From iv. 26, it may be conjectured
that the passionate canzone, _Così nel mio parlar voglio esser
aspro_ (_Rime_ ciii., O. canz. xii.), was to be allegorised in the
seventh treatise; while, from i. 12, ii. 1, iv. 27, it appears fairly
certain that the canzone of the three ladies, _Tre donne intorno al
cor_ (_Rime_ civ., O. canz. xx.), would have been expounded in the
fourteenth, where Justice and Allegory were to have been discussed;
and, from i. 8 and iii. 15, that the canzone against the vices, _Doglia
mi reca_ (_Rime_ cvi., O. canz. x.), was destined for the poetical
basis of the last treatise of all. It is thus clear that the _Convivio_
would have ended with the two canzoni which form the connecting link
between the lyrical poems and the _Divina Commedia_. For the rest, it
is certain that there would have been no mention of Beatrice in any of
the unwritten treatises. In touching upon the immortality of the soul
(_Conv._ ii. 9), Dante had seen fit to end what he wished to say of
“that living blessed Beatrice, of whom I do not intend to speak more in
this book.” There seems also good reason for supposing that the canzone
for the beautiful lady of the Casentino (_Rime_ cxvi., O. canz. xi.),
which may be of a slightly later date than the others, would not have
formed part of the completed work.
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