Notes Everything in the first five lines would have been enjoyed to excess only by the wealthy and the ruling class! A : compare to #49, where the 100 families “follow their eyes” B : presumably, acting on what he sees C : presumably, acting on what is inside Cross-references rare goods : #3, #64 leaves that and chooses this : #38, #72 Chapter Thirteen 寵 辱 若 驚 貴 大 患 若 身 • 何 謂 寵 辱 若 驚 寵 為 下 得 之 若 驚 失 之 若 驚 • 是 謂 寵 辱 若 驚 何 謂 貴 大 患 若 身 吾 所 以 有 大 患 者 為 吾 有 身 • 及 吾 無 身 吾 有 何 患 (•) (•)故 貴 以 身 為 天 下 • 若 可 [以] 寄 天 下 [矣(•)] • 愛 以 身 為 天 下 若 可 [以] 託 天 下 [矣(•)] • Favor and disgrace seem alarming. High rank brings great suffering if you have a self. What is meant by “favor and disgrace seem alarming”? Favor makes you the inferior, so gaining it seems alarming. Losing it also seems alarming. This is what is meant by “favor and disgrace seem alarming”. What is meant by “high rank brings great suffering if you have a self”? I am the reason that I have great suffering, I who act like I have a self. When I am without a self, how could I have suffering? Therefore : he who is high ranking and uses his self to serve the world – It seems he can thus be entrusted with the world! He who is loving and uses his self to serve the world – It seems he can thus be entrusted with the world! ♦Favor and disgrace seem alarming. ♦High rank brings great suffering if you have a self. What is meant by “favor and disgrace seem alarming”? Favor makes you the inferiorA, so gaining it seems alarming. ♦Losing it [also] seems alarming. This is what is meant by “favor and disgrace seem alarming”. What is meant by “high rank brings great suffering if you have a self”? ♦I am the reason that2 I have great suffering, I who act like I have a self. When I am without a self, how could I have suffering? Therefore : [he who] is high ranking and uses his self B to serve the world2 – It seems he can thus be entrusted with the world2 ! ♦[He who] is loving and uses his self to serve the world2 – It seems he can thus be entrusted with the world2 ! Notes A : Ames&Hall point out that “favor” here means something that is bestowed upon you by a superior at their whim, thus it emphasizes your inferiority to them; and since it could be taken away just as easily, merely gaining it is cause for “alarm” (worry, anxiety, etc.) B : this is written in this awkward manner to emphasize that it is the personality or sense-of-self that is being talked about (in the translator’s opinion – see the Introduction and cross-references below)