[33] Since the above was written Prof. Lloyd Morgan has published a closely similar notice of the passage in question. "This language," he says, "seems to savour of teleology (that pitfall of the evolutionist). The cart is put before the horse. The recognition-marks were, I believe, not produced to prevent intercrossing, but intercrossing has been prevented because of preferential mating between individuals possessing special recognition-marks. To miss this point is to miss an important segregation-factor."--(_Animal Life and Intelligence_, p. 103.) Again, on pp. 184-9, he furnishes an excellent discussion on the whole subject of the fallacy alluded to in the text, and gives illustrative quotations from other prominent Darwinians. I should like to add that Darwin himself has nowhere fallen into this, or any of the other fallacies, which are mentioned in the text. * * * * * Another very prevalent, and more deliberate, fallacy connected with the theory of natural selection is, _that it follows deductively from the theory itself_ that the principle of natural selection must be the sole means of modification in all cases where modification is of an _adaptive_ kind,--with the consequence that no other principle can ever have been concerned in the production of structures or instincts which are of any use to their possessors. Whether or not natural selection actually has been the sole means of adaptive modification in the race, as distinguished from the individual, is a question of biological fact[34]; but it involves a grave error of reasoning to suppose that this question can be answered deductively from the theory of natural selection itself, as I shall show at some length in the next volume. [34] Of course adaptive modifications produced in the individual lifetime, and not _inherited_, do not concern the question at all. In this and the following paragraphs, therefore, "adaptations," "adaptive modifications," &c., refer exclusively to such as are hereditary, i. e. phyletic. * * * * *