PART I.--Do Varieties in Plants wear out, or tend to wear out?--The Question considered in the Light of Facts, and in that of the Darwinian Theory.--Conclusion that Races sexually propagated need not die of Old Age.--This Conclusion inferred from the Provisions and Arrangements in Nature to secure Cross-Fertilization of Individuals.-- Reference to Mr. Darwin's Development of this View PART II.--Do Species wear out, and, if not, why not?--Implication of the Darwinian Theory that Species are unlimited in Existence.--Examination of an Opposite Doctrine maintained by Naudin.--Evidence that Species may die out from Inherent Causes only indirect and inferential from Arrangements to secure Wide Breeding--Physiological Import of Sexes--Doubtful whether Sexual Reproduction with Wide Breeding is a Preventive or only a Palliative of Decrepitude in Species.-- Darwinian Hypothesis must suppose the Former ARTICLE XIII EVOLUTIONARY TELEOLOGY The Opposition between Morphology and Teleology reconciled by Darwinism, and the Latter reinstated--Character of the New Teleology.--Purpose and Design distinguished--Man has no Monopoly of the Latter.--Inference of Design from Adaptation and Utility legitimate; also in Hume's Opinion irresistible--The Principle of Design, taken with Specific Creation, totally insufficient and largely inapplicable; but, taken with the Doctrine of the Evolution of Species in Nature, applicable, pertinent, and, moreover, necessary.--Illustrations from Abortive Organs, supposed Waste of Being, etc.--All Nature being of a Piece, Design must either pervade or be absent from the Whole.--Its Absence not to be inferred because the Events take place in Nature--Illustration of the Nature and Province of Natural Selection.--It picks out, but does not originate Variations; these not a Product of, but a Response to, the Environment; not physical, but physiological--Adaptations in Nature not explained by Natural Selection apart from Design or Final Cause--Absurdity of associating Design only with Miracle--What is meant by Nature.--The Tradition of the DIVINE in Nature, testified to by Aristotle, comes down to our Day with Undiminished Value PREFACE