Darwinism stated by Darwin himself: Characteristic passages from the writings of Charles DarwinDarwin, Charles
Science
Darwinism stated by Darwin himself: Characteristic passages from the writings of Charles Darwin
Darwin, Charles
Evolution (Biology)
2. If a twining plant or a tendril gets by any accident into an
inclined position, it soon bends upward, though secluded from the
light. The guiding stimulus no doubt is the attraction of gravity, as
Andrew Knight showed to be the case with germinating plants. If a shoot
of any ordinary plant be placed in an inclined position in a glass of
water in the dark, the extremity will, in a few hours, bend upward;
and, if the position of the shoot be then reversed, the downward-bent
shoot reverses its curvature; but if the stolon of a strawberry, which
has no tendency to grow upward, be thus treated, it will curve downward
in the direction of, instead of in opposition to, the force of gravity.
As with the strawberry, so it is generally with the twining shoots of
the _Hibbertia dentata_, which climbs laterally from bush to bush; for
these shoots, if placed in a position inclined downward, show little
and sometimes no tendency to curve upward.
3. Climbing plants, like other plants, bend toward the light by a
movement closely analogous to the incurvation which causes them to
revolve, so that their revolving movement is often accelerated or
retarded in traveling to or from the light. On the other hand, in a few
instances tendrils bend toward the dark.
4. We have the spontaneous revolving movement which is independent of
any outward stimulus, but is contingent on the youth of the part, and
on vigorous health; and this again, of course, depends on a proper
temperature and other favorable conditions of life.
5. Tendrils, whatever their homological nature may be, and the petioles
or tips of the leaves of leaf-climbers, and apparently certain roots,
all have the power of movement when touched, and bend quickly toward
the touched side. Extremely slight pressure often suffices. If the
pressure be not permanent, the part in question straightens itself and
is again ready to bend on being touched.
6. Tendrils, soon after clasping a support, but not after a mere
temporary curvature, contract spirally. If they have not come into
contact with any object, they ultimately contract spirally, after
ceasing to revolve; but in this case the movement is useless, and
occurs only after a considerable lapse of time.
With respect to the means by which these various movements are
effected, there can be little doubt, from the researches of Sachs and
H. de Vries, that they are due to unequal growth; but, from the reasons
already assigned, I can not believe that this explanation applies to
the rapid movements from a delicate touch.
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