Day Symbols of the Maya Year: Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-1895, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 199-266.Thomas, Cyrus
Religion
Day Symbols of the Maya Year: Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-1895, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 199-266.
Thomas, Cyrus
Maya calendar
presented, the most satisfactory interpretation of the upper part is
that it represents the roof, as we see in the upper figure of LXVI, 25,
the crosshatching and the double _ben_ lines. Hence it would seem
satisfactory to consider it merely an ideogram or picture but for the
prefix, which can not be readily accounted for on the idea of a
pictorial representation.
As we have found that the lower character of plate LXVI, 26, has the
phonetic value of _ch_ usually combined with _o_ or _u_ (see remarks
above on LXV, 44), we may find in this glyph _otoch_, "house," though
the full signification of the entire compound symbol appears to embrace
more than this. Possibly the upper part is a determinative. The lower
part, however, of LXVI, 25 and 27, is found, as before remarked, where
it can have no reference to a building. As it has the two heavy lines
indicative of the _p_ sound (see explanation of LXIV, 11), and also of
the guttural, it is probable that the signification, where a structure
is referred to, is _pak_ (_pakal_), "a building, wall, fortification."
But when it is found in an entirely different relation, as in Tro. 17b,
where it is over an individual tying a deer, it must have an entirely
different signification. It is possible that it may be consistently
rendered by _pacoc_ (_paccah_), "to cord, fasten, bind" (Henderson), or
some derivative thereof. We find it again on Tro. 19*d and 20*d, and
Dres. 18c, 19c, and 20c, where females are represented as bearing
burdens on their backs. Now, _cuch_ signifies "to bear, to carry," and
also "a load, a burden," and _cuch-pach_, "a carrier, a porter"
(literally "to carry on the back," _pach_ denoting "back").
In this instance also the phonetic value assigned it holds good. On Tro.
17b the same glyph stands above an individual who is in the act of
striking a snake which is biting his foot. In this case it has a suffix
like that to LXVI, 3, which, as we have stated, probably represents the
sound _ah_, _ha_, or _hal_, and indicates that the word is a verb. There
are several words containing the phonetic value assigned the character,
which are applicable, as _pokchetah_, which Perez interprets "pisar,
poner el pie sobre algo;" _puchah_, "despachurran, machucar;" _pachah_,
"to scatter, break" (H.); _pech_, "to crush" (H.); _pacez_ (_paczah_),
"to squeeze, press, crush" (H.).
It seems, therefore, quite probable that the lower part of these
compound symbols is phonetic.
If Dr Seler is correct in his supposition that the symbol is derived
from the plaited mat, then it is most likely simply ideographic or a
mere conventional pictograph. Possibly this is the correct conclusion,
as I can find no evidence tending to show that it is phonetic. If we
could suppose the form was intended to represent a "road" or
"pathway"--_be_, _beil_, and _bel_ in Maya, and _beel_ in Zotzil--we
might assume it to be phonetic.
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