figure 83, whose distinguishing mark is usually an eye or the element tun (i. e., a precious stone), which he hears in the front of the headdress. The hieroglyph of this god is written sometimes as in figure 81, sometimes as figure 82. And that the element here, which in figure 82 replaces the element cauac, is to be understood in fact as tun or "stone, precious stone," is evident, on the one hand from the application of the precious stone in the headdress (tun, "piedra, piedra preciosa"), and, on the other hand, from its use as the base of the pole on which Mam, the Uayeyab demon, is set up during the xma kaba kin (Cod. Dres. 25c). Now, it is true that a connection of ideas can be established with considerable certainty between clouds, rain, and stone, for in that region every rain was a thunderstorm. But at the same time it will be found comprehensible that a barrier of doubt was removed when I discovered in the course of my Zapotec studies that in Zapotec the same word was used for "rain" and "stone," namely, _quia_, _quie_. [Illustration: PL. LXVIII COPIES OF GLYPHS FROM THE CODICES] According to the explanation I have given above, the chief phonetic element of the character is the guttural sound _k_, _ks_ (or _x_), and _ch_. As additional evidence tending to confirm this conclusion, the following examples are given: Symbols 61, LXV, from Tro. 22*a, and 62, from Dres. 1 (42), have already been explained, the first as signifying _kutz_ or _cutz_, "the turkey," and the second _tzac_, the name of a certain fish found in the senotes. In the first (61) the first or left-hand character is our _Cauac_ symbol and has the _k_ sound, and the same symbol forms the right portion in the second (62) and also has the _k_ sound. In LXVI, 47, from Dres. 18c, the _Cauac_ symbol forms the first or upper portion. The whole compound symbol, as above shown, may be consistently interpreted _cuchpach_, "a porter or carrier;" literally, "one who bears on the back." Again we see the _k_ sound given the character is consistent. The symbol for the month _Ceh_, as found in the Dresden Codex, is shown at LXVI, 44. In this the last or lower portion is also the _Cauac_ character, and, according to the value assigned it, should have a harder sound than the simple aspirate. That such is the case is rendered probable by the fact that Henderson gives _ceh_ and _kez_ both as names of the month and as Maya words for "deer." In the Zotzil _chigh_ is the name for "deer." It is therefore apparent that the symbol has here the guttural sound.