Day Symbols of the Maya Year: Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-1895, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 199-266.Thomas, Cyrus
Religion
Day Symbols of the Maya Year: Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-1895, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1897, pages 199-266.
Thomas, Cyrus
Maya calendar
The Zapotec name _ape_, which, according to Dr Brinton, may properly be
translated by "lightning," or "the lightning flash," is much like the
name for "fire" which prevails throughout Oceanica. Commencing with the
Malay _api_, we trace it through the Oceanic islands in such forms as
_api, lap, yap, nap, yaf_; to New Zealand _kapura_; Tonga and Samoan
_afi_, and Hawaiian _ahi_.
In the Zapotec words _laari-api-niza_ and _ri-api-laha_, translated
"relampage, relampaguear," we find precisely the original form of the
Oceanic word for "five."
THE TWENTIETH DAY
Maya, _ahau_; Tzental, _aghual_; Quiche-Cakchiquel, _hunahpu_; Zapotec,
_lao_ or _loo_; Nahuatl, _xochitl_.
The symbol for this day, except where evidently imperfectly drawn, is
subject to but few and slight changes, that given by Landa corresponding
to the form found in the codices.
The usual and correct form is shown in LXVIII, 5-7; slight variations
are seen in LXVIII, 8 and 9. Dr Seler figures several other varieties,
but as these are from plates of the Dresden Codex, where the symbol
is in columns, where they are evidently hastily made, without any
attempt to have more than one or two in a column complete, they are not
given here. The character represented in LXVIII, 10, is from the Tikal
inscription, and that in LXVIII, 11, from the Palenque Tablet.
[Illustration: PL. LXIX SHELL BEARING MAYA GLYPHS
This shell, on which are engraved seven Maya hieroglyphs, was found in
Belize and courteously sent to the Bureau of American Ethnology by Sir
Alfred Moloney, Governor of British Honduras. The shell is here figured
for the purpose of placing it before students of Central American
paleography[TN-3]]
The Maya and Tzental names signify "king, lord, sovereign." The
derivation of the word has been explained in various ways. Brasseur
explains it by "the lord of the collar," _ah-au_, as does Dr Brinton;
Stoll gives "lord of the cultivated lands," from the Ixil, _avuan_, "to
sow." Dr Seler, however, is disposed to derive the name from the
masculine prefix _ah_ and _uinic_ or _vinak_, "man." His method of
reaching this conclusion is as follows:
For the Tzental word _aghual_, standing parallel with the Maya
_ahau_, which doubtless corresponds to the abstract form _ahaual_
of the word _ahau_, is to be referred rather to a primitive form
_avu_, _a'ku_, _ahu_, than to _ahau_. In the Tzental Pater Noster
which Pimental gives, we find the phrase "to us come Thy kingdom
(Thy dominion)" expressed by the words _aca taluc te aguajuale_.
The primitive meaning of _ahau_ is certainly "man," "lord," and the
two roots of similar significance, _ah_ and _vu_ (see _uinic_,
_vinak_, "man") seem to concur in this word.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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