Days to Remember: The British Empire in the Great WarBuchan, John
History
Days to Remember: The British Empire in the Great War
Buchan, John
World War, 1914-1918
At Cambrai the Tanks were on their trial. It was their special "show,"
and if they failed now they would fail for good. Their commander,
General Elles, took no chances. With three brigades of Tanks he was to
break through the enemy’s wire, cross the broad trenches of the
Hindenburg Line, and open the way towards Cambrai for the two Army Corps
following. The enemy defences were the strongest in the West. There
were three trench lines, each of a width extending to 15 feet, and with
an outpost line thrown forward as a screen. In front of the main line
lay barbed wire at least 50 yards wide, which sometimes jutted out in
bold salients flanked by machine-guns. It was calculated that to cut
that wire with artillery would have taken five weeks and cost twenty
millions of money. The trenches were too wide for an ordinary Tank, so
immense bundles of brushwood were made up, which a Tank carried on its
nose and dropped into the trench to make a crossing. Each bundle, or
"fascine," weighed a ton and a half, and it took twenty Chinese coolies
to roll one of them through the mud.
The attack was to be a surprise, and therefore there was to be no
preliminary bombardment. Secrecy was so vital, and the chances of
discovery so numerous, that the commanders spent anxious days prior to
the 20th November. Flotillas of Tanks were assembled in every possible
place which afforded cover, notably in Havrincourt Wood. The Tank is
not a noiseless machine, and it says much for the ingenuity of the Third
Army that the enemy had no inkling of our business. A single enemy
aeroplane over Havrincourt might have wrecked the plan. On the night of
the 18th an enemy raid took some of our men prisoners, but they must
have been very staunch, or the German Intelligence Service very obtuse,
for little appears to have been learned from them. The weather favoured
Sir Julian Byng. The days before the assault had the low grey skies and
the clinging mists of late November.
In the dark of the evening of the 19th the Tanks nosed their way from
their lairs towards the point of departure, going across country, since
the roads were crowded, and running dead slow to avoid noise. That
evening General Hugh Elles issued a special order announcing that he
proposed to lead the attack of the centre division in person, like an
admiral in his flagship. At 4.30 on the morning of the 20th a burst of
German fire suggested that the enemy had discovered the secret, but to
the relief of the British commanders it died away, and the hour before
the attack opened was dead quiet.
[Illustration: Cambrai—the Advance of the Infantry Divisions on November
20.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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