Alexander, the Great (356-323), son of Philip of Macedon, II, 16, 48; greater than his father in achievement, inferior in courtliness, I, 90; governor of Macedonia (340), II, 53; conquered Greece (338-335), subdued Asia (334-331), Egypt (331), invaded India (329-327), founded Alexandria and other cities, and died of a drunken debauch (I, 90). Alexander, tyrant of Pherae (369); brother, son-in-law, and successor of Jason (_q.v._), defeated and slew Pelopidas of Thebes at Cynocephalae (364); murdered by his wife and her three brothers, II, 25, 26. Alexandria, the metropolis of Egypt at the mouth of the Nile; founded by Alexander (332); centre of wealth (II, 82); grain market, III, 50. Alps, the mountains between Italy and further Gaul, II, 28. Ambition, a cause of injustice, I, 25-26, 46, 65; of moral wrong, III, 82; of treason, III, 82-83; the foe of freedom, I, 68; II, 28. Amusements, wholesome, I, 103-104. Anger, never excusable, I, 89. Anio, the Sabine river, tributary to the Tiber; the battle on (340), which gave Rome supremacy over all Latium, III, 112. Anniceris, of Cyrene (4th century), a successor of Aristippus; his school a cross between the Epicurean and the Cyrenaic: he denied that pleasure was merely absence of pain; he held that every act had its own distinct purpose and that the virtues are good in themselves; his teachings were not permanent, III, 116. Antigonus, one of Alexander's generals, governor of Asia (323-301), king of Asia (306-301); father of Demetrius Poliorcetes and Philip, II, 48. Antiope, mother of Amphion and Zethus, by whom she was saved from the persecutions of her former husband Lycus and his wife Dirce; her vengeance on Dirce drove her mad; subject of a tragedy of Pacuvius, I, 114. Antipater, vice-regent of Macedon (334); father of Cassander, II, 48. Antipater, of Tarsus (2nd century), pupil and successor of Diogenes of Babylonia; teacher of Panaetius; his ethical teachings, III, 51-55, 91. Antipater, of Tyre (1st century), friend of Cato the younger; a Stoic, II, 86. Antonius, Marcus, the famous orator (143-87), II, 49; advocate, III, 67; father of Cicero's colleague and grandfather of the triumvir. Apelles, of Cos (4th century), the greatest painter of his age; court painter to Alexander the Great; his masterpiece was a Venus rising from the sea; another Venus left unfinished, III, 10. Apollo, god of the light of day; giver of oracles at Pytho, II, 77. Appetite, subject to Reason, I, 101-103, 132, 141. Appius Claudius Pulcher, father of Gaius, II, 57. Aquilius; Gaius Aquilius Gallus, famous jurist; Cicero's colleague in the praetorship; author of formulae on criminal fraud, III, 60-61. Aquilius, Manius, consul (101) with Marius; victorious in the Servile War in Sicily; prosecuted (98) but acquitted, II, 50.