Aratus, of Sicyon, soldier and statesman (271-213), removed the tyrant Nicocles (251) and averted financial ruin, II, 81, 82; leader of the Achaean League; poisoned by order of Philip of Macedon. Areopagites, members of the Council of Areopagus. Areopagus, "Mars Hill," a spur of the Acropolis, seat of the highest court of Athens; the court itself, with powers of senate and supreme court, reorganized and enlarged in function by Solon, I, 75. Arginusae, a group of islands off the coast of Asia Minor, near Lesbos, scene of the victory of the Athenian fleet (406), I, 84. Argos, the chief city of Argolis, II, 81. Aristides, "the Just," III, [16], 49, 87; fought at Marathon (490), Salamis (480), and commanded the Athenians at Plataea (479); exiled (483) because his policies clashed with those of Themistocles. Aristippus, of Cyrene (flourished 370), founder of the Cyrenaic school, III, 116; disciple of Socrates, but taught that the chief end of man was to get enjoyment from everything (hedonism), to subject all things and circumstances to himself for pleasure; but pleasure must be the slave not the master; good and bad identical with pleasure and pain; I, 148. Aristo, of Chios (3rd century), a Stoic philosopher, pupil of Zeno; he taught indifference to externals, nothing good but virtue, nothing evil but vice; his theories rejected, I, 6. Aristotle (385-322), disciple of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great; founder of the Peripatetic school; greatest of philosophers, master of all knowledge--physics, metaphysics, natural philosophy, ethics, politics, poetics, sociology, logic, rhetoric, etc.; II, 56; III, 35; might have been a great orator, I, 4. Arpinates, the people of Arpinum, owners of public lands, I, 21. Arpinum, a town in Latium, birthplace of Cicero and Gaius Marius, I, 21. Athenians, the people of Athens, I, 75, 84; their cruel subjugation of Aegina, III, 46; left their homes to fight at Salamis, III, 48; political strife, I, 86; high moral principles of, III, 49, 55. Athens, II, 64, 86; III, 55, 87; the intellectual and artistic centre of the world; led Greece in the Persian wars (490-479); humbled by Sparta (404); the university city of the Roman world, I, 1; III, 6, 121. Atilius; _see_ Regulus. Atilius; Sextus Atilius Serranus, consul (136), III, 109. Atreus, son of Pelops and father of Agamemnon and Menelaus, murderer of his half-brother Chrysippus and of his brother Thyestes's children; murdered by his nephew Aegisthus; a fruitful theme for tragedy, I, 97; III, 106. Attic, belonging to Attica, the province in which Athens is situated; Attic comedy, the comedy of Aristophanes, Eupolis, Menander, etc., I, 104.