Bible -- Antiquities; Bible. Old Testament -- Evidences, authority, etc.
When the discoveries of Jericho were first publicized, Dr. Garstang
could find only one apparent contradiction between the record of Joshua
and the evidences in the city. That was in the time factor, or
chronology, that was involved. In the cemetery of Jericho upon its
excavation, there were found two seals of the Pharaoh Amenhetep the
Third. Since this monarch reigned probably at least a hundred years
after the time of Joshua, it was difficult to reconcile the apparent
discrepancy. The apparent difficulty, however, dissolves when we
consider the possibility of later intrusion.
Before the excavations at Jericho could begin, it was necessary for the
workers to clear away the remains of a fortress of Ramses, the monarch
who headed the nineteenth dynasty, which in turn followed that of the
dynasty of Amenhetep the Third. Since this site had been temporarily
used by the Egyptians two hundred years after its destruction, it is
highly probable that it might also have been temporarily visited by them
the century immediately following its destruction. If the presence of
two seals of Amenhetep are to be taken as a date factor in view of the
fact that burials at that site were by intrusion, then a great case
could be made for a later date by the ruined fortress of Ramses.
The pharaoh who ruled in the day when Joshua led the conquest of Canaan
was most probably Tuthmosis the Third, who reigned contemporarily with
the Queen Hatshepsut until he was sufficiently entrenched to overthrow
her dominion. This queen, as all the evidence most clearly suggests, was
most probably the one who drew Moses out of the Nile. The contemporary
and collateral evidence is fairly conclusive, so that this fact is
generally accepted. Relegating the one anomalous discovery, then, to the
probability of intrusion, we find that Jericho, perhaps more than any
other site in antiquity, has vindicated the record of the Old Testament
text.
In this very connection, it is interesting to note how the queen
Hatshepsut came into the record, and first interested the student of
apologetics. The eminent archeologist, Flinders Petrie, found a tablet
on the slope of Mt. Sinai which was written in an archaic script that
baffled every attempt to decipher its mystery for nearly thirty years.
But at long last Professor Hubert Grimme, who held the chair of Semitic
languages at the University of Munster, made out two words. One of these
was the ancient Hebrew name for God, which in this form of writing
appeared as “JAHUA.” The other word that Dr. Grimme succeeded in reading
was “HATSHEPSUT,” who was known from her monuments and obelisk.
With this key, the table was quickly deciphered, and was ascribed to
Moses. The text as it appeared follows:
“I am the son of Hatshepsut
overseer of the mine workers of sin
chief of the temple of Mana Jahua of Sinai
thou oh Hatshepsut
wast kind to me and drew me out
of the waters of the Nile
hast placed me in the temple (or palace).”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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