[80] Van Tyne, _Loyalists_, 5. [81] Van Tyne, _Loyalists_, chap. i. [82] Force, _Am. Archives_, 4th series, II, 365–368. [83] Hatch, _Administration of the Revolutionary Army_, 1. [84] Frothingham, _Siege of Boston_, 100–102. [85] _Ibid._, 99–101. [86] Bolton, _The Private Soldier Under Washington_, 90; Force, _Am. Archives_, 4th series, III, 2. [87] Hatch, _Administration of the Revolutionary Army_, 13, 14. [88] Frothingham, _Siege of Boston_, 105, 106. [89] “Bunker Hill Monument celebrates a fact more important than most victories--namely, that the raw provincials faced the British army for two hours, they themselves being under so little organization that it is impossible to tell even at this day who was their commander; that they did this with only the protection of an unfinished earthwork and a rail fence, retreating only when their powder was out.... The newspapers of England, instead of being exultant, were indignant or apologetic.”--THOMAS WENTWORTH HIGGINSON. [90] Later Bemis. [91] “The surrender of Burgoyne turned the scale in favor of the Americans so far as the judgment of Europe was concerned.... The first treaty with France--which was also the first treaty of the United States with any foreign government--was signed February 6, 1778, two months after the news of Burgoyne’s surrender had reached Paris.”--Higginson’s _History of the United States_. [92] For the text of the articles of capitulation, and the general return of the officers and privates surrendered, see _Harper’s Encyclopædia of United States History_, X. [93] A detailed description of the topography and events of the Yorktown campaign is afforded in Lossing’s _Pictorial Field-Book of the Revolution_, II, chap. xii. An elaborate and authoritative study from a military point of view is provided in _The Yorktown Campaign_, by Henry P. Johnston. Both histories are published by Harper & Brothers. [94] _Annual Register_, XXV, 252–257. [95] _Two Centuries of Irish History_, 91. [96] _Treaties and Conventions_, 370, 375. [97] _Journals of Congress_, January 13, 14, 1784. [98] For the complete history of the American struggle for independence, see Professor Van Tyne’s _The American Revolution_, IX, in _The American Nation_. Harper & Brothers.