(2) If they stay abroad, the wife will die; while the husband's lungs will not stand the English climate. It is to be feared therefore that one must fall a victim. (3) He is either very good, very bad, or commonplace. But he is not very good. (4) Either a slave is capable of virtue or he is not. .'. Either he ought not to be a slave or he is not a man. (5) Does not his feebleness of character indicate either a bad training or a natural imbecility? (6) Those who ask shan't have; those who don't ask don't want. (7) If a man be mad, he deviates from the common standard of intellect. .'. If all men be alike mad, no one is mad. (8) 'I cannot dig; to beg I am ashamed.' 2. 'The infinite divisibility of space implies that of time. If the latter therefore be impossible, the former must be equally so.' Formulate this argument as an immediate inference. 3. Examine the following arguments-- (1) If we have a dusty spring, there is always a good wheat harvest. We shall therefore have a poor harvest this year, for the spring has not been dusty. (2) Virtues are either feelings, capacities, or states; and as they are neither feelings nor capacities, they must be states. (3) Everything must be either just or unjust. Justice is a thing, and is not unjust. .'. Justice is just. Similarly justice is holy. But the virtues of knowledge, justice, courage, temperance, and holiness were declared to be different from one another. .'. Justice is unholy and holiness unjust. CHAPTER XXIX. Formulate the following trains of reasoning, resolve them into their component parts, and point out any violations of the rules of syllogism which they may contain-- (1) No Church Institutions are useful; for they teach religious matters, not business matters, which latter are useful, being profitable. (2) Mr. Darwin long ago taught us that the clover crop is dependent on the number of maiden ladies in the district. For the ladies keep cats, and the cats destroy the field-mice, which prey on the bees, which, in their turn, are all-important agents in the fertilisation of the clover flowers. (3) Athletic games are duties; for whatever is necessary to health is a duty, and exercise is necessary to health, and these games are exercise. (4) The iron-trade leads to the improvement of a new country; for furnaces require to be fed with fuel, which causes land to be cleared. (5) 'Is stone a body?' 'Yes.' 'Well, is not an animal a body?' 'Yes,' 'And are you an animal?' 'It seems so.' 'Then you are a stone, being an animal.' (6) If A is B, C is D. If E is F, G is H. But if A is B, E is F. .'. If C is D, G is sometimes H. (7) The soul is not matter. My arm is not myself. (8) Honesty deserves reward and a negro is a fellow-creature. Therefore an honest negro is a fellow-creature deserving of reward. CHAPTER XXX.