It is a law of psychology that, when we are subjected to a supreme test,
we develop unrealized resources within ourselves; resources that never
would be developed, nor could be, except through such trial. By
consequence, it is evident that supreme trial is an indispensability to
the best development of either individuals or nations. However severe
may be the trial that results in the supreme development of the natural
resources of the nation, and of the dormant resources in its people, it
is essentially beneficial to the nation.
Herbert Spencer said that, just as it is impossible to get a
five-fingered hand into a three-fingered glove, with a separate finger
in each pocket, so it is impossible to get a complex thought into a mind
not sufficiently complex to receive it. It is doubtless impossible,
therefore, to prove to the pacifist mind that the money spent in
building warships cannot be counted as so much loss to the nation.
The money spent by the government in building fighting-ships could not
be esteemed so much money lost, even if the ships were useless. The
government taxes the people for the money to build the ships, and then
pays the money back to the people again for the ships. The people get
their money all back, and the government gets the ships. The people lose
nothing, and the government is the gainer to the value of the ships. It
may be argued that the labor of the people is lost, but what of it?
Labor is neither money nor wealth; it merely represents time. It does
not hurt the laborers to do the work; on the contrary, it does them
good. They pay but an infinitesimal part of the tax for building the
ships. Their occupation constitutes them a market for manufactured
articles and farm produce, which pays the manufacturers and the farmers
a profit far in excess of their part of the tax for the ships, since by
the increased demand they both get better prices and sell more goods.
The farmer exerts additional effort to supply the demand, for the
laborers who build the ships, and the manufacturers who supply their
wares, call upon the farmer for greater supplies of produce than they
could call for if the fighting-ships were not built. The farmer, always
glad to get more out of the ground when he can sell to advantage, is
stimulated to extra effort to get the greater profit, and he is made
richer for it. The manufacturer is made richer for it, and the laborer
is helped by higher wages and by more continuous occupation.
The result is that the fighting-ships have cost nothing. On the
contrary, their production has benefited all. Everybody is made better
and richer through the building of them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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