Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental TestingMiner, James Burt
Science
Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental Testing
Miner, James Burt
Children with mental disabilities; Juvenile delinquents; Mentally ill offenders; Psychological tests
If we consider the worst condition so far as intellectual deficiency is
concerned, we find it in the reformatories and training schools for
women. Dr. Weidensall applied the 1908 Binet scale to 200 consecutive
women, 16 years to 30 years of age, as they were admitted to the New
York Reformatory for Women at Bedford. Seventy-seven tested IX or under
and were within our presumably deficient group. An additional 74 tested
X and were in the uncertain group, although if we regard them all as
deficient because of their persistent delinquency, we have a total of
75% (_59_). These results were duplicated by Dr. Fernald (_16_). She
tested 100 other consecutive cases with the 1911 scale and found 41%
tested below X, our presumably deficient group. She regards these as
“feeble-minded with certainty.”
Dr. Katherine Bement Davis, the former superintendent at Bedford,
estimated herself that among 647 prostitutes who were inmates there, 107
were “feeble-minded (distinctly so);” 26 “border-line neurotic;” 26
“weak-willed, no moral sense;” 11 “wild, truant, run-a-ways.” This makes
a total of 26% of this group whom she apparently thought might possibly
be classed feeble-minded or of questionable mentality because of
deficient intellect or will (_11_). It is quite clear that the objective
tests give a much better basis for comparison of the Bedford group with
those which are to follow.
The professional prostitute confined in institutions for delinquents has
been carefully studied and tested by the Massachusetts Commission for
the Investigation of the White Slave Traffic, So Called (_36_). Three
groups of 100 each were examined “without selection, except that all had
a history of promiscuous sex intercourse for pecuniary gain.” One of the
groups consisted of young girls under sentence in the State Industrial
School for Girls, the House of Refuge and the Welcome House. A second
group consisted of those just arrested and awaiting trial in the Suffolk
House of Detention in Boston. The third was made up of women serving
sentence in the State Reformatory for Women, the Suffolk County Jail and
the Suffolk House of Correction. “These three groups represent the young
girls who have just begun prostitution, the women plying their trade on
the streets at the present time, and the women who are old offenders.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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