Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental TestingMiner, James Burt
Science
Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental Testing
Miner, James Burt
Children with mental disabilities; Juvenile delinquents; Mentally ill offenders; Psychological tests
Since it was not important to compare the amounts of skewness in
different data, I have not attempted the more elaborate calculations of
coefficients of skewness. These would give the results a more elegant
statistical expression. The simpler method I have here used affords more
convincing evidence of asymmetry for the non-mathematical reader.
Young has published the results with Witmer's form board test on
approximately two hundred Philadelphia children for each age, giving the
results for the sexes separately for each half year of life-age (_227_).
This affords 36 different groups in which he gives the median and upper
and lower quintiles for the shortest time records. The lowest quintile
is farther from the median in 25 cases, equal in 6 and less than the
upper quintile in only 6 of the 36 comparisons. This skewness would have
been even greater if children of the special classes had not been
excluded from his groups.
Stenquist's results (_54_) with his construction test are scored in
arbitrary units in which allowance is made for the quality of the score,
but we should expect no constant effect on the form of the distribution
from the character of these units of measurement. At ages 6 to 13 he
tested from 27 to 74 pupils randomly selected from the public schools, a
total of over 400. For six of these eight ages the lower quartile is
farther from the median than the upper quartile, when calculated from
his distribution table. The number of cases at each age, however, is so
small that the largest difference, 15 units, is not three times its
probable error, 6.
Smedley gave his ergograph test to about 700 school children of each of
the ages we are considering. Since he tested so many more subjects than
any other investigator this should provide the most valuable data on the
question of distribution with a test recorded in the same physical units
for the same task. Unfortunately, his results for two succeeding years
are so directly contradictory to each other that they seem to have no
significance for our problem. The simplest explanation of this
contradiction is that the groups tested may have been selected on a
different basis each year.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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