Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental TestingMiner, James Burt
Science
Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental Testing
Miner, James Burt
Children with mental disabilities; Juvenile delinquents; Mentally ill offenders; Psychological tests
A casual observation of his standard percentile curves for the
ergograph test at the different ages gives the impression that the
distributions are decidedly skewed toward deficiency, but this
impression is not justified by a careful analysis of his results
(_51_). In the table which accompanies his standard percentile
curves, giving his total results for the two years, we find that
there is a sharp disagreement between the distributions of the
boys and the girls. The distributions for the boys at each age
between 6 and 13 years show a greater distance, measured in
kilogram-centimeters, from the median to the 80-percentile than
from the median to the 20-percentile, in 5 ages out of 8. The
total difference is also slightly greater between the median and
the upper 80-percentile. On the other hand, the table for the
girls at these ages shows the 20-percentile farther from the
median in 5 out of 8 ages, with a total difference considerably
greater than that shown for the boys. Usually the differences were
small compared with their errors. With the boys only at age 13 was
the difference in favor of the 80-percentile three times its
probable error, while with the girls the four oldest ages show the
distance of the 20-percentile greater by three times its probable
error.
A comparison with the reports of Smedley on this test for the
previous year (Report No. 2), leaves his results still more
uncertain. While he does not give the medians at each age, we may
make less satisfactory comparisons between the distance of the
10-percentile from the 25-percentile and the distance of the
90-percentile from the 75-percentile. If we do this, we find the
distance is uniformly greater at the upper end of the distributions
for each age both for the boys and girls. The Smedley results are,
therefore, decidedly contradictory. The first year shows
distributions skewed toward excellence and total results for two
years show distributions skewed mainly toward deficiency.
Broadly considered, the Binet records with school children point to a
skewed distribution toward deficiency when large allowance is made for
the difference in value of the year units. It is extremely rare to find
a child testing 4 years in advance of his life-age, while 15-year-old
idiots are presumed to test 12-year-units or more under a mature
standard.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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