Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental TestingMiner, James Burt
Science
Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental Testing
Miner, James Burt
Children with mental disabilities; Juvenile delinquents; Mentally ill offenders; Psychological tests
The tests on which Figures 6, 7, and 8 were based included
practically all which were reported in the researches used. They
were as follows: Norsworthy (_159_), perception of 100-gram
weight, cancelling A's (boys), ideas remembered from four simple
sentences, memory of related and of unrelated words, part-wholes,
genus-species, opposites and reverse of opposites given the next
day, “a-t” test. J. Allen Gilbert (_108_), taps in 5 seconds,
fatigue in tapping, visual reaction time, color-discrimination
reaction time, reproduction of 2-second interval. Smedley (_51_,
No. 3), strength of right-hand grip (boys), taps in 30 seconds
(boys), ergograph; visual, auditory, audio-visual, and
audio-visual-articulatory memory for digits. W. H. Pyle, Standards
of Mental Efficiency (J. of Educ. Psychol., 1913, IV., 61-70),
uncontrolled association, opposites, part-wholes, genus-species,
digit-symbol and symbol-digit substitution, memory for concrete
and for abstract words, memory of Marble Statue selection, (only
boys' norms used for each). Pyle and Anderson combined by Whipple
(_220_) two word-building tests (boys). Anderson as given by
Whipple memory for letter squares. D. F. Carpenter, Mental Age
Tests (J. of Educ. Psychol., 1913, IV., 538-544), substitution of
colors in forms and of numbers in forms, perception time in
marking A's, concentration, _i. e._, difference in time of last
test under distraction, memory of pictures of objects, all tests
devised by Carrie R. Squire. Stenquist (_54_), construction test.
Sylvester (_191_), form-board test.
[Illustration: FIG. 6. _Tests of the Development of Memory Processes.
Medians at Each Age of the Central Tendencies of the Tests._]
[Illustration: FIG. 7. _Different Types of Development. Medians at
Each Age of the Central Tendencies of the Tests._]
[Illustration: FIG. 8. _Forty Curves of Development. Distribution at
Each Age of the Central Tendencies of the Tests._]
In Fig. 6 curves A and B are Smedley's tests; curve C includes in
addition Norsworthy's unrelated words, Pyle's memory for concrete
and abstract terms, Anderson's letter-squares, Carpenter's memory
for pictures, and Gilbert's for the time interval; curve E includes
Pyle's two and Carpenter's two substitution tests; curve F includes
Pyle's Marble Statue and Norsworthy's memory for related words and
for sentences; curve S is Norsworthy's; curve D is the combination
of these 17 tests.
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