Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental TestingMiner, James Burt
Science
Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental Testing
Miner, James Burt
Children with mental disabilities; Juvenile delinquents; Mentally ill offenders; Psychological tests
It is a natural supposition that there is a sudden increase in the
proportion of feeble-minded at adolescence. On account of the increased
rate of growth at this period we might expect to find greater
instability for a few years. It may well be that there is a rather
sudden influx of the unstable type of feeble-mindedness at this period.
Such an increase may occur without being detected by a series of brief
intellectual tests such as the Binet scale. It would be of the conative
type of feeble-mindedness that cannot at present be diagnosed by
objective tests, the type that requires diagnosis by expert opinion. It
is to be noted, however, that Binet, who paid much attention to the
unstable type, says: “Since the ill-balanced are so numerous at ten
years of age, and even at eight, we conclude that in many cases the
mental instability is not the result of the perturbation which precedes
puberty. This physiological explanation is not of such general
application as is sometimes supposed” (_77_, p. 18).
Only when an emotional disturbance is so great as to be detectable by
mental tests will this influx need to be taken into consideration in
stating the borderline for objective tests. The evidence that few cases
of feeble-mindedness are not detectable until after ten years of age is
all the other way. With the Stanford measuring scale, Terman and his
co-workers did not even find a noticeable increase in the variability of
the groups at the ages of adolescence (_57_, p. 555). It is to be
remembered also that we are not concerned here with mere instability
which corrects itself with more maturity, such as has been described by
Bronner among delinquents. This does not, of course, amount to an
incurable conative deficiency and is not classified under
feeble-mindedness.
Goddard has suggested that possibly the moral imbecile group comes into
our class of feeble-minded suddenly with a common arrest of development
at about the stage reached by the nine-year-old. He notes that “of the
twenty-three cases of this sort picked out for us (at Vineland) by the
head of the school department, fifteen are in the nine-year-old group,
five in the ten-year-old, two in the eleven, and one in the twelve”
(_113_). He regards this evidence, however, as meager and only
suggestive. Doll has given evidence of late appearance of retardation in
rare cases (_100_ and _99_).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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