Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental TestingMiner, James Burt
Science
Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental Testing
Miner, James Burt
Children with mental disabilities; Juvenile delinquents; Mentally ill offenders; Psychological tests
The figures of the U.S. Census as to the ages of inmates of the
institutions for feeble-minded are also of little significance in
connection with the question of the variation from age to age. That the
number of inmates at the different ages is affected most largely by the
pressure of necessity for shifting the care from their homes to the
institution is shown by the fact that three-fourths of the admissions
are of persons over 10 years of age. It is also indicated by the fact
that for the period from 15 to 19 the males are over 20% more frequent
than females, while from 30-34 the females are nearly 20% more frequent.
Considering those ages most frequently represented in the institutions,
10-24 years, the average variation for the three five-year periods in
the percentage of the population of the corresponding ages who are in
these institutions is only 0.01%. The middle five-year period has the
most, but even if there were a cumulation of feeble-mindedness with age,
which is not shown, we would anticipate a change of not more than 0.05%
for these 15 years. This would be clearly negligible in considering the
general problem.
That little allowance for the variation from age to age need be made for
the number of cases not discoverable at the beginning of school life is
further indicated by report of the Minnesota State School for
Feeble-Minded. It shows that in only 247 out of its 3040 admissions was
the mental deficiency known to commence after six years of age (_154_).
If the number of feeble-minded who should be isolated were found to
increase after school age less than one in 10,000 of the population, as
this suggests, it would surely be better to neglect this variation from
age to age than to emphasize it in dealing with the problem of objective
diagnosis and social welfare.
How rare is the onset of feeble-mindedness after five years of age is
also shown by the frequency of hereditary causes. In his study of the
300 families represented at Vineland, Goddard places only 19% in his
“accidental” group and 2.6% in the group for which the causes are
unassigned. The rest are either in the hereditary group, probably
hereditary, or with neurotic heredity. Half of the cases in the
“accidental” group are due to meningitis. His histories show that only 9
of the “accidental” and unassigned groups were unknown at 5 years of
age. This is only 3% of his total feeble-minded group. To these might be
added, perhaps, a few from the hereditary groups who did not show their
feeble-mindedness at so early an age, but so far as I can judge these
would not be of the intellectually deficient type that would be
detectable by the Binet scale at any age. They would test high enough
intellectually to pass socially and require expert diagnosis to be
classed as feeble-minded.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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