Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental TestingMiner, James Burt
Science
Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental Testing
Miner, James Burt
Children with mental disabilities; Juvenile delinquents; Mentally ill offenders; Psychological tests
Among groups of delinquents, where we would expect the purely conative
cases to be more common, we find that a careful diagnosis of
feeble-mindedness on the basis of test data, medical examination and
case history indicates that conative cases without serious intellectual
deficiency are much rarer than intellectually deficient delinquents. At
least this is the evidence of one study where such information is
available. Kohs at the Chicago House of Correction found among 219 cases
over 16 years of age, which he diagnosed as feeble-minded, only 28
tested XI and there were only 52 who did not test either presumably
deficient or uncertain intellectually according to our criterion.
Another bit of evidence is that collected at the Clearing House for
Mental Defectives in connection with the New York Post-Graduate School
of Medicine, where 200 consecutive cases (108 males) were examined by
Miss Hinckley. Her graphs show that only 15% tested X or above with the
Binet revised scale, _i. e._, above those presumably deficient in
intellect. The cases were from 13 to 42 years of age. The clearing house
provides an opportunity for social workers to have suspected deficients
examined and the few cases over X seems to indicate that the purely
conative type is not very commonly met with among the social workers.
When we turn to the institutions for the feeble-minded we find that they
are today caring for few solely conative cases. Although I can find no
tables which give both the life ages and mental ages of the individual
inmates, we can at least be sure that few test so high as X, or above
with the Binet scale. This means that only a few have as yet reached the
threshold for passable adult intellects, which should be attained by 15
years of age. At the Minnesota state institution for the feeble-minded
in Faribault among 1266 inmates, excluding epileptics, 41 tested X; 28,
XI; 12, XII; and 8, XIII, a total of 7% (_154_). At Vineland, N. J.,
Goddard reported among 382 inmates, 14 tested X; 5, XI; and 7, XII,
about 7%. Some of the children who were under 15 in life-age might later
develop above the limit for intellectual deficiency. Of the 1266 at the
Minnesota institution, however, 508 were 15 or over at the time of their
admission, so that at least 82% of the 508 were clearly intellectually
deficient. Eight per cent. more tested X and were in the doubtful group
in intellectual ability according to the criteria we have adopted. This
suggests that not more than about 10% of those who are at present
isolated in institutions are there for feebleness of will alone. It
seems to confirm our presumption that the intellectually deficient
discovered by tests form the great majority of the social deficients who
need prolonged care or assistance.
(d) ALLOWANCE MAY BE MADE FOR VARIABILITY.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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