Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental TestingMiner, James Burt
Science
Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental Testing
Miner, James Burt
Children with mental disabilities; Juvenile delinquents; Mentally ill offenders; Psychological tests
Since the percentages to be suggested are chosen from the point of view
of diagnosis, they do not represent the number for which every community
should immediately make financial provision. The expense is a local or a
state question. It is so much affected by state conditions and by public
policy that it probably must be determined in any state by a special
commission. On the other hand, the laws already provide for caring for
the feeble-minded in institutions or colonies and in special schools or
classes, so that the estimates may help to guide diagnosticians who are
called upon to decide whether a particular person might be rightfully
regarded as deficient enough intellectually to justify committing him
for permanent care to a state institution. In the present practise it is
fairly clear that this distinction is made in the minds of different
diagnosticians. It may ultimately be desirable that this differentiation
between the types of social care be introduced into the law. Until then
it will remain the duty of the court to determine what degree of social
unfitness is intended by a particular law. The social concept of
feeble-mindedness is just now undergoing a rapid evolution so that it
would be impossible to predict how it may legally crystallize a
generation hence.
To begin with the lowest group of the feeble-minded, we should consider
those whom the state might be clearly justified in isolating
indefinitely on the basis of their tested lack of intellectual capacity,
the social isolation group. For purposes of comparison let us place this
degree of intellectual ability as that possessed by the lowest 0.5% at
fifteen years of age. Above these let us estimate a group of uncertain
cases so far as isolation is concerned, but cases which the
diagnostician would be justified in regarding as intellectually
deficient enough to justify sending to special local schools for
training the feeble-minded. After special training the majority of these
cases might be expected to require social assistance indefinitely. They
would form the social assistance group. Isolation would be justified for
none of them on the basis of their test records alone. Those in this
group who were persistent delinquents would, by that additional fact,
fall into the lowest group so far as social care is concerned. Let us
estimate this social assistance group tentatively as the next 1.0% at
fifteen years of age.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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